Chapter 4 Of America, Land I Love: Life In Colonial America 1607-1775

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colonial era

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from the founding of Jamestown in 1607 to the outbreak of the War for Independence in 1775

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English colonists

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the greatest number of settlers in the American colonies were Engish

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Scots-Irish colonists

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the people of Scottish descent who had settled in Northern Ireland during the 17th century; the second largest group of people who came to the New World along with the German immigrants

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German colonists

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these colonists settled in large numbers in Pennsylvania; the second largest group of people who came to the New World along with the

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other immigrants which the American colonies attracted

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French, Irish, Dutch, Welsh, Swiss, and Swedes

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195 of the people living in America

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blacks of African descent

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the largest city in the colonies

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Philadelphia

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the second most populous cities in America during the colonial era, each with about 20,000 people

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Boston and New York

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the third most populous city in the colonies

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Charles Town

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True or False: the American colonies offered less religious freedom than anywhere else in the world

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false

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the official church in the southern colonies

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Anglican church

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Huguenots

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French Protestants

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the renowned Boston silversmith and patrioit who was decended from the Huguenots

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Paul Revere

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the colonies with the greatest religious diversity

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middle colonies

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German immigrants who followed the teachings of reformer John Huss

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Amish and Moravians

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Count von Zinzendorf

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the great Morvian leader who came to the colonies briefly and led the Moravians in founding the city of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

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Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

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the city founded by Count von Zinzendorf and the Moravians

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Congregational church

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each local congregation had an important voice in its own church government

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what played an important part in shaping the American character

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the Bible

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90% of the colonies depended on what for their livelihood

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farming

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linen and wool spun into yarn and woven into a rough cloth

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homespun

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"bread colonies"

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what the middle colonies were known as because of the grain that they produced

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tobacco

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an important crop in Maryland, Virgina, and North Carolina

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indigo

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an important crop in South Carolina and Georgia

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the tidewater region was ideal for growing which crop?

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rice

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True or False: the colonies each had great potential for manufacturing and trade

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true

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the three industries that were particularly suited for the New England colonies

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shipbuilding, fishing, and whaling

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lumber industry

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New England developed a thriving lumber business

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Anthony Ulrich

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a black Christian servant to Count Lauring of Copenhagen

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Leonard Dober and David Nitschmann

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misionaries to the West Indies

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True or False: the Moravians who went to the West Indies were among the first foreign missionaries of modern times

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true

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Antigua

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during the 1700s, this island became the strongest center of Christianity among the blacks of the West Indies

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an improtant source of income along the entire colonial frontier

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fur trading

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bartered

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tradeded

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thriving industries in the northern and middle colonies

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textile industry, blacksmiths, leather works, millers

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America's cheif overseas customer

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England

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triangular trade route

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the route which American ships usually took, stoping at two distant ports before returning to New England

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mercantilism

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the idea that the colonies existed solely for the good of the mother country

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True or False: land in America was expensive and scarce

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false

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the typical home in early New England

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a wood cottage

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Georgian architecture

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the type of architecture which became popular through the colonies after 1720

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True or False: the fireplace played a central role in family life

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true

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furnishings

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were simple and practical

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post roads

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roads over which the mail was carried

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how to travel between Philadelphia and Boston

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by stagecoach

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some things the colonists did to combine work and pleasure

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quilting bees, corn huskings, and barn raisings

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True or False: in the colonies, a man was judged on the basis of his ability to build a successful life in the wilderness

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true

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True or False: in the South slavery was virtually unknown

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false

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frontier

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the sparsely populated areas on the fringe of settelment

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Appalachian Mountains

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served a natural barrier to western expantion during the colonial era

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Daniel Boone

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one of the first to lead pioneers over the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky

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Boonesborough

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the fort named after Daniel Boone

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Wilderness Road

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the trail blazed by Daniel Boone and his men which served as a path for families found for the West

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Which colonies set the pace for education?

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the New England colonies

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dame school

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a school conducted by a widow or single lady who agreed to teach children in her home; used in the New England colonies

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hornbook

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a paddle-shaped board to which was attached a printed sheet containging the alphabet and usually the Lord's Prayer or a Scripture verse; the paper was protected against wear by a thin, transparent sheet of animal horn

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New England Primer

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the most widely used textbook in colonial America

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Latin grammar schools

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schools where instruction was from Latin and Greeks books; established in the middle colonies

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private academies

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replaced Latin grammar schools in the middle colonies

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Philadelphia Academy

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now known as the University of Pennsylvania; founded by Benjamin Franklin

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"old-field schools"

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when several families cooperated to provide a crude school building in an old tobacco field, where the soil was too depleted to grow crops and then hired a teacher to teach their children; used in the southern colonies

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apprentices

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boys placed under the authority and care of a master craftsman in order to learn a trade

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True or False: by the time of America's War for Independence, Americans were prabably the least literate people in the world

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false

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the nine centers of higher learning in Colonial America

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Havard, College of William and Mary, Yale, Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers, Dartmouth College, Columbia University, and Philadelphia Academy

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Havard

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the first college in America, founded by Puritans

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Philadelphia Academy

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the only college not sponsered by any one denomination; founded by Benjamin Franklin

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the Boston News-Letter

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the first regularly published weekly news paper in the colonies

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How did Benjamin Franklin help to spread general knowledge in colonial America?

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he founded public libraries and shared bits of wisdom with the common people through his yearly publication of Poor Richard's Almanac