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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nucleic acid
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polymer of nucleotide monomers
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groups of nitrogenous bases
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1. purines-adenine and guanine
2. pyrimadines-cytosine, thymine(only in deoxyribonucleotides) and uracil (only in ribonucleotides) |
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phosphodiester bond
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chemical linkage between adjacent nucleotide residues in DNA and RNA. forms when the phosphate group of one nucleotide condenses with the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another nucleotide.
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polymerization
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the process by which many identical or similar small molecules are covalently bonded to form a large molecule. Energy comes from the phosphorylation of the nucleotides.
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Phosphorylation
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the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate molecule.
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watson and crick
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they determined that DNA runs in an antiparallel configuration, DNA forms a double helix, purines always pair with pyrimidines, DNA has a major groove and a minor groove.
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DNA replication involves 2 steps
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1. Separation of the double helix
2. Hydrogen bonding of deoxyribonucleotides with complementary bases on the original template strand, followed by the phospodiester bond formation to form the complementary strand. |
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How does the primary structure of RNA differ from DNA?
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-contains uracil instead of thymine
-contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. |
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RNA's secondary structure
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-forms because of complementary base pairing
-bases typically form hydrogen bonds with complemetary bases on the same strand. -RNA strands fold over, creating the hairpin structure. -RNA molecules may have tertiary and quaternary structures. |
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Ribozymes
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enzyme like RNA molecules that speed up a reaction
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