Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

FUNCTION

Back 1

the skeletal system consist of 206 bones that makeup the internal framework of the body, called the skeleton. The skeleton supports the body, protects internal organs, serves as a point of attachment for skeletal muscles for body movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals

Front 2

ORGANS

Back 2

Bones
Joints

Front 3

COMBINING FORMS

Back 3

COMBINING FORMS

Front 4

Ankly/o

Back 4

stiff joint

Front 5

Arthr/o or Articul/o

Back 5

joint

Front 6

Carp/o

Back 6

wrist

Front 7

Cervic/o

Back 7

neck

Front 8

Chondr/o

Back 8

cartilage

Front 9

Coccyg/o

Back 9

coccyx

Front 10

Cost/o

Back 10

rib

Front 11

Crani/o

Back 11

skull

Front 12

Kyph/o

Back 12

hump

Front 13

Lord/o

Back 13

bent backward

Front 14

Mandibul/o

Back 14

mandible

Front 15

Medull/o

Back 15

inner portion

Front 16

Metacarp/o

Back 16

metacarpals

Front 17

Myel/o

Back 17

bone marrow, spinal cord

Front 18

Orth/o

Back 18

straight

Front 19

Oste/o

Back 19

bone

Front 20

Phalang/o

Back 20

phalanges

Front 21

Scoli/o

Back 21

crooked, bent

Front 22

Thorac/o

Back 22

chest

Front 23

-clasia

Back 23

to surgically break

Front 24

-desis

Back 24

stabilize, fuse

Front 25

Bone Marrow

Back 25

is the site of blood cell production

Front 26

Joint

Back 26

is the place where 2 bones meet and are held together by ligaments. This gives flexibility to the skeleton. The skeleton, joint, and muscles work together to produce movement.

Front 27

BONES

Back 27

also called osseous tissue. Bones are formed from a gradual process beginning before birth called ossification

Front 28

Bones Structures

Back 28

4 categories based on shape. Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular. The majority of bones are long bones. The middle part of a bones is the Diaphysis. Each end part is Epiphysis which is covered by articular cartilage that prevents bones from rubbing directly on bone. The hard exterior bone is cortical or compact bone. Cancellous or sponge bone is found inside the bone.

Front 29

SKELETON

Back 29

the human skeleton has two division. The axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Front 30

Axial Skeleton

Back 30

includes bones in the head, neck, spine, chest and trunk. These form the central axis for the body and protect the internal organs as the brain, lungs, and heart. the skull is divided into the cranium and facial bones. These bones protect the brain, eyes, ear, nasal cavity, and oral cavity from injury. The muscles for chewing and moving the head are attached to the cranial bones.

Front 31

Bones in the Vertebral/Spinal Column

Back 31

Cervical Vertebra 7
Thoracic Vertebra 12
Lumbar Vertebra 5
Sacrum 1
Coccyx 1

Front 32

VOCABULARY

Back 32

VOCABULARY

Front 33

Kyphosis

Back 33

hunchback

Front 34

Lordosis

Back 34

excessive curvature of lumbar

Front 35

Orthopedics

Back 35

branch of medice specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system.

Front 36

Podiatry

Back 36

healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs.

Front 37

Greenstick Fracture

Back 37

fracture in which there is an incomplete break

Front 38

Osteomalacia

Back 38

softening of the bones caused by deficiency of calcium

Front 39

Osteoporosis

Back 39

decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures

Front 40

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus(HNP)

Back 40

hernitation or protusion of an intervertebral disk

Front 41

Scoliosis

Back 41

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Front 42

Spinal Stenosis

Back 42

narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves

Front 43

Osteoarthritis

Back 43

arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints

Front 44

Arthroscopy

Back 44

examination of the interior joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope

Front 45

Section II

Back 45

Muscular System at a Glance

Front 46

FUNCTION

Back 46

Muscles are bundles, sheets or rings of tissue that produce movement by contracting and pulling on the structures to which they are attached.

Front 47

ORGANS

Back 47

Muscles

Front 48

COMBINING FORM

Back 48

COMBINING FORM

Front 49

Kinesi/o

Back 49

movement

Front 50

My/o

Back 50

muscle

Front 51

Myocardi/o

Back 51

heart muscle

Front 52

Plant/o

Back 52

sole of foot

Front 53

Ten/o, Tend/o or Tendin/o

Back 53

tendon

Front 54

SUFFIXES

Back 54

SUFFIXES

Front 55

-asthenia

Back 55

weakness

Front 56

-kinesia

Back 56

movement

Front 57

-tonia

Back 57

tone

Front 58

PREFIXES

Back 58

PREFIXES

Front 59

ab-

Back 59

away from

Front 60

ad-

Back 60

toward

Front 61

circum-

Back 61

around

Front 62

Muscles

Back 62

are bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers which produce movement of the body

Front 63

TYPES OF MUSCLES

Back 63

Skeletal(voluntary)
Smooth(involuntary)
Cardiac(involuntary)

Front 64

Skeletal Muscle

Back 64

are directly or indirectly attached to the bones and produce voluntary movement of the skeleton

Front 65

Smooth Muscle

Back 65

is found in association with internal organs also know as a visceral muscle

Front 66

Cardiac Muscle

Back 66

or myocardium which makes up the wall of the heart

Front 67

MUSCLE ACTIONS

Back 67

MUSCLE ACTIONS

Front 68

Abduction

Back 68

movement away from the midline of the body

Front 69

Adduction

Back 69

movement toward midline of the body

Front 70

Flexion

Back 70

act of bending or being bent

Front 71

Extension

Back 71

movement that brings limb into ot toward a straight condition

Front 72

Pronation

Back 72

to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot

Front 73

Supination

Back 73

turning the palm or foot upward

Front 74

Atrophy

Back 74

poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease

Front 75

Electromyography(EMG)

Back 75

study and record of the strenght and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation