Chapter 4 - Chapter Checkup

Front 1

a scientist who studies the structure of the earth

Back 1

geologist

Front 2

a solid, unmovable layer of rock below the subsoil; part of the earth's crust

Back 2

bedrock

Front 3

hot, liquid rock within the earth; molten rock

Back 3

magma

Front 4

magma that has erupted through the earth's surface

Back 4

lava

Front 5

the forming of soil from rock

Back 5

weathering

Front 6

any material found in God's creation which is helpful to man

Back 6

natural resource

Front 7

decaying plant and animal material

Back 7

humus

Front 8

a substance that forms a special kind of solid called a crystal

Back 8

mineral

Front 9

a solid form of a substance having a definite shape; flat surfaces, and sharp edges

Back 9

crystal

Front 10

a rocklike object that was formed in a hole of a limestone deposit; it looks like a mudball and has crystals inside

Back 10

geode

Front 11

a rare, beautiful mineral which is very hard

Back 11

gemstone

Front 12

a scientist who studies minerals

Back 12

mineralogist

Front 13

a stone formation hanging from the roof of a cave; formed by the evaporation of dripping water filled with water

Back 13

stalactite

Front 14

an unrefined or unprocessed oil (in its natural state); crude oil

Back 14

petroleum

Front 15

a black or brown rocklike substance found in layers of rock; a fossil fuel

Back 15

coal

Front 16

the preserved remains of a plant or animal

Back 16

fossil

Front 17

a scientist who studies fossils

Back 17

paleontologist

Front 18

What is soil?

Back 18

loose earth containing humus and tiny pieces of weathered rock

Front 19

Name two ways in which physical weathering breaks or wears down rock.

Back 19

Extreme temperature changes can break rock; water/wind can cause weathering; germinating seeds can put roots into small cracks, causing rocks to break; glaciers can slowly wear away soft rock.

Front 20

How does quartz get its color?

Back 20

impurities

Front 21

What is the name for plant and animal remains that have turned to stone?

Back 21

petrified fossils

Front 22

Name the famous geyser in Yellowstone National Park.

Back 22

Old Faithful

Front 23

How is a cave formed?

Back 23

Acid in rainwater dissolves some of the rock, especially limestone, underground.

Front 24

Why are rocks found near a river delta usually sedimentary rocks?

Back 24

because rivers deposit sediment at their basins and the sediment builds up layer by layer to form sedimentary rock

Front 25

How does a geyser work?

Back 25

Water fom surrounding rock fills a channel running from the surface to hot rock below. Water at the bottom of the channel becomes superheated and turns to steam, forcing some of the column of water out of the channel. More water begins to boil and turn to steam, causing the entire column to erupt into the air.

Front 26

a rock that floats

Back 26

pumice

Front 27

the hardest substance

Back 27

diamond

Front 28

most of the rock deep below the surface of the land

Back 28

granite

Front 29

the only metal wich is liquid at room temperature

Back 29

mercury

Front 30

the rarest gemstone

Back 30

ruby

Front 31

was once limestone

Back 31

marble

Front 32

the best conductor of electricity

Back 32

silver

Front 33

the best low-cost electrical conductor available

Back 33

copper

Front 34

a soft, yellow metal that can be hammered into thin sheets

Back 34

gold

Front 35

a radioactive metal which is the primary source of nuclear power

Back 35

uranium

Front 36

a metal that is lightweight, rustproof, silvery-colored, and non-magnetic

Back 36

aluminum

Front 37

the mineral with crystals that break into flat sheets

Back 37

mica

Front 38

rock formed from the shells of sea creatures

Back 38

limestone

Front 39

was once shale

Back 39

slate

Front 40

the most useful metal

Back 40

iron

Front 41

volcanic glass

Back 41

obsidian

Front 42

a rock that is made of sand

Back 42

sandstone

Front 43

a rock that smells like mud when it gets wet

Back 43

shale

Front 44

You are looking at pictures of a volcano erupting in Hawaii. What rocks would you expect to find when the lava cooled?

Back 44

pumice and obsidian

Front 45

While visiting a museum, you notice a beautiful granite monument. How was the granite for the monument formed?

Back 45

magma slowly cooled underground

Front 46

In your rock collection, you have a piece of limestone and a piece of marble. You notice that they have different textures and weights, and yet you know that the marble was at one time limestone. Why are the textures and weights different?

Back 46

Marble is a metamorphic rock which has been changed from limestone by pressure and heat deep in the earth's crust.