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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prepuce |
A loose fold of skin that covers the clitoris. Also called the clitoral hood. |
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Bartholin's Glands |
A pair of glands on either side of the vaginal opening that open by a duct into the space between the hymen and the labia minora. |
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Hymen |
A thin fold of vascularized mucous membrane at the vaginal opening. |
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Gragenberg Spot (G-Spot) |
A structure that is said to lie on the anterior (front) wall of the vagina and is reputed to be a seat of sexual pleasure when stimulated. |
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Ovum |
The female reproductive cell or gamete; plural is ova. |
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Perimetrium |
The outer wall of the uterus. |
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Myometrium |
The smooth muscle layer of the uterus. |
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Endometrium |
The mucous membrane lining the uterus. |
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Ovulation |
The phase of the menstrual cycle in which an ovum is released. |
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Fimbriae |
The branched, finger-like border at the end of each Fallopian tube. |
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Gynecologist |
A physician who specializes in the study and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system. |
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Lactation |
The collective name for milk creation, secretion, and ejection from the nipple. |
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Oxytocin |
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates contraction of both the uterus for delivery of the newborn and the mammary gland ducts for lactation. |
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Corpus Luteum |
A yellowish endocrine gland in the ovary formed when a follicle has discharged its secondary oocyte. |
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Menses |
The blood and tissue discharged from the uterus during menstruation. |
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Anemia |
A deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material of the blood, often causing symptoms of fatigue, irritability, dizziness, memory problems, shortness of breath, and headaches. |
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Hot Flashes |
A symptom of menopause in which a woman feels sudden heat, often accompanied by a flush. |
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Menstrual Manipulation |
The ability to plan and schedule the arrival of menstruation. |
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Menstrual Suppression |
The elimination of menstrual periods. |
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Laparoscope |
A small instrument through which structures within the abdomen and pelvis can be viewed. |
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Douching |
A method of vaginal rinsing or cleaning that involves squirting water or other solutions into the vagina. |
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Pubococcygeus Muscle |
A muscle that surrounds and supports the vagina. |
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Dilators |
A graduated series of metal rods used in the treatment of vaginismus. |
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Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome |
Syndrome that causes pain and burning in the vaginal vestibule and often occurs during sexual intercourse, tampon insertion, gynecological examinations, bicycle riding, and wearing tight pants. |
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Hysterectomy |
The surgical removal of the uterus. |
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Dilation and Curttage (D&C) |
The surgical scraping of the uterine wall with a spoon-shaped instrument. |
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Ovarian Cysts |
Small, fluid-filled sacs, which can form on the ovary, that do not pose a health threat under most conditions. |
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Mammography |
A procedure for internal imaging of the breasts to evaluate breast disease or screen for breast cancer. |
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Radical Mastectomy |
A surgical procedure that involves removal of the breast, its surrounding tissue, the muscles supporting the breast, and underarm lymph nodes. |
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Radiation |
A procedure that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA. |
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Chemotherapy |
A procedure that uses chemicals to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. |
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Speculum |
An instrument for dilating the vagina to examine the cervix and other internal structures. |
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Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear |
A microscopic examination of cells scraped from the cervix. Named after its inventor. |
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Vulva |
Female external sex organs collectively. |
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Mons Veneris or Mons Pubis |
The fatty cushion resting over the front surface of the pubic bone. It becomes covered with pubic hair after puberty. Serves largely as a protective cushion for the genitals. |
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Labia Majora |
Outer lips; are two longitudinal folds of fatty tissue that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis, frame the rest of the female genitalia, and meet at the perineum. |
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Labia Minora |
Inner lips; are two smaller pink skin folds inside the labia majora that join at the clitoris to from the prepuce. |
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Clitoris |
Homologous to the penis; sole function is to bring sexual pleasure. |
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Vestibule |
The name for the entire region between the labia minora. It contains the openings of the urethra and vagina, and the ducts of Bartholin's glands. |
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Perineum |
The area of tissue between the vestibule and the anus. |
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) |
When bacteria gets into the urinary tract. Common symptoms include pain or burning in the urethra or bladder and an increased urge to urinate. |
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Introitus |
The entrance of the vagina; located in the vestibule. |
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Vagina |
A thin-walled tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the external genitalia. |
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Uterus |
A thick-walled, hollow, muscular organ in the pelvis sandwiched between the bladder in front and the rectum behind. |
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Cervix |
The lower portion of the uterus that contains the opening through which menstrual fluid flows out of the body of the uterus and sperm gains entrance. |
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Fallopian Tubes |
Also called oviducts; are 4 inch long trumpet-shaped tubes that extend laterally from the sides of the uterus. |
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Oviducts |
Another name for Fallopian tubes. |
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Oocyte |
Also known as eggs or ovum. |
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Prolactin |
The hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that signals milk synthesis. |
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Menarche |
The name of the monthly bleeding that the majority of healthy women of reproductive age experience. Also called a period. |
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Follicular Phase |
This phase begins after the last menstruation has completed and lasts from 6 to 13 days. Estrogen is released by the ovaries stimulating the regrowth of the endometrium's outer layer. The first phase of the menstrual cycle. |
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Ovulatory Phase |
The phase in which an ovum is released, usually about the 14th day of the cycle. The second phase of the menstrual cycle. |
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Luteal Phase |
The phase where immediately after ovulation, a small, pouchlike gland, the corpus luteum, forms on the ovary. The corpus luteum secretes additional progesterone and estrogen for 10 to 12 days. Fertilization phase. Third phase in the menstrual cycle. |
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Menstrual Phase |
In this phase the endometrial cells shrink and slough off. Usually stops about 3 to 7 days. |
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Menopause |
The cessation of menstrual cycling, which typically occurs between the age of 40 and 58. |
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) |
In the past was used to help maintain vaginal elasticity and lubrication, restore regular sleep patterns, and reduce hot flashes. However, it was found to be linked to increased rate of breast cancer and the use has since declined significantly. |
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Amenorrhea |
The absence of menstruation. |
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Dysmenorrhea |
Extremely painful menstruation. |
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Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding |
Includes irregular periods or unusually heavy periods. |
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Menorrhagia |
Excessive menstrual flow. |
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Premenstrual Syndrom (PMS) |
Refers to physical or emotional symptoms that appear in some women during the latter half of the menstrual cycle. |
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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) |
The most debilitating cases of PMS. |
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Endometriosis |
A common gynecological condition that occurs when endometrial cells begin to migrate to places other than the uterus. |
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Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS) |
An acute inflammatory disease that develops when Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are allowed to grow in the vagina. It is most commonly associated with the use of high-absorbency tampons and forgetting to remove a tampon, which becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. |
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Vaginismus |
Involves contractions of the pubococcygeus muscle, which can make vaginal penetration impossible. |
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Dyspareunia |
Involves slight to extreme pain before, during, or after sexual behavior. |
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Vulvodynia |
Chronic pain in the vulva. |
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Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia |
Cervical cancer has high cure rates because it starts as an easily identifiable lesion, called a _______, which usually progresses slowly into cervical cancer. |
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome |
Is a condition in which a woman's levels of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are out of balance. |
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False Negatives |
When a test says its negative when it's positive. |
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Benign |
Not harmful. |
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Malignant |
Infectious. |
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Lumpectomy |
Involves the removal of the tumor, together with some surrounding tissue, but the breast is left intact. |
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Smegma |
A pasty white substance that may accumulate around the clitoris. |