Chapter 4

Front 1

List four essential functions of epithelial tissue.

Back 1

Provide physical protection, control permeabliity, provide sensation, and produce specialized secretions

Front 2

Summarize the classification of an epithelium based on cell shape and number of cell layers.

Back 2

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Simple and sqaumous

Front 3

What is the probable function of an epithelial surface whose cells bear many cilia?

Back 3

movement of substances

Front 4

Identify the various types of epithelial intrecellular connections.

Back 4

occluding junctions, adhesion belts, gap junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes.

Front 5

How do epithelial tissues, which are avascular, obtain needed nutrients?

Back 5

blood vessels in underlying tissues.

Front 6

What is the functional significance of gap junctions?

Back 6

help coordinate the functioning of adjacent cells by allowing small molecules and ions to pass from cell to cell.

Front 7

What properties are common to keratinized epithelia?

Back 7

tough and water resistant.

Front 8

Why do the pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina have a similar epithelial organization?

Back 8

All these sites are subject to mechanical stresses and abrasion.

Front 9

Under a light microscope, simple squamous epithelium is seen on the outer surface. Could this be a skin surface sample? Why or why not?

Back 9

No. It provides too little protection against infection, abrasion, or dehydration to function effectively on the skin surface.

Front 10

Identify the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and changes in appearance as stretching occurs.

Back 10

transitional epithelium.

Front 11

Describe the appearance of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in sectional view.

Back 11

square and have central nuclei

Front 12

Stratified cuboidal epithelia are assiciated with what epithelial structures?

Back 12

the ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and other exocrine glands.

Front 13

Describe the appearance of simple columnar epithelial cells in a sectional view.

Back 13

tall slender rectangles containing elongated nuclei close to the basal lamina.

Front 14

Explain why a pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not truly stratified.

Back 14

all of its epithelial cells contact the basal lamina.

Front 15

The columnar epithelium lining the intestine typically has ---------- on its apical surface.

Back 15

microvilli

Front 16

Name the two primar types of glands.

Back 16

Endocrine glands and Exocrine glands

Front 17

What mode of secretion occurs in secretory cells of sebaceous glands, which fill with secretions and then rupture, releasing their contents?

Back 17

holocrine secretion.

Front 18

Which type of gland has no ducts to carry the glandular secretions, and the gland's secretions are released directly into the intersticial fluid?

Back 18

endocrine gland.

Front 19

Identify the types of cells found in connective tissue proper?

Back 19

melanocytes, fixed macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, plasma cells, free macrophages, mesenchymal cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.

Front 20

Which type of connective tissue contains primarily lipids?

Back 20

adipose (fat) tissue.

Front 21

Describe the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue.

Back 21

secretes the proteins that form collagen, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers in the matrix.

Front 22

Which two types of connective tissue have a liquid matrix?

Back 22

blood and lymph.

Front 23

Lack of vitamin C in the diet interferes with the ability of fibroblasts to produce collagen. How might this affect connective tissue function?

Back 23

impair the production of collagen fibers, which add strength to connective tissue. The deficiency would result in tissue that is weak and prone to damage.

Front 24

Summarize the role of extracellular fluid in maintaining homeostasis.

Back 24

helps eliminate local differences in the levels of nutrients, wastes, or toxins; maintains blood volume; and alerts the immune system to infectious agents or infections.

Front 25

Mature cartilage cells are called-------.

Back 25

chondrocytes.

Front 26

Which connective tissue fiber is characteristic of the cartilage supporting the ear?

Back 26

elastic fibers.

Front 27

If a person has a herniated intervertebral disk, which type of cartilage has been damaged?

Back 27

fibrous cartilage.

Front 28

Mature bone cells in the lacunae are called ---------.

Back 28

osteocytes.

Front 29

Distinguish between the two types of supporting connective tissues with respect to their characteristic fibers.

Back 29

bone contains only collagen fibers, cartilage may contain collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

Front 30

Explain why bone does not undergo intersticial growth.

Back 30

the matrix of bone is solid and calcified.

Front 31

Name the four types of membranes found in the body.

Back 31

mucous membranes, serous membranes, the cutaneous membrane, and synovial membranes.

Front 32

Which cavities in the body are lined by serous membrane?

Back 32

pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities.

Front 33

A sheet of tissue has many layers of collagen fibers that run in different directions in successive layers. Which type of tissue is this?

Back 33

fascia,

Front 34

Identify the three types of muscle tissue in the body.

Back 34

skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and smooth muscle tissue.

Front 35

Which type of muscle tissue has small, tapering cells with single nuclei and no obvious striations?

Back 35

smooth

Front 36

Irregularly shaped cells with many fibrous projections, some several centimeters long, are probably which type of cell?

Back 36

neurons.

Front 37

Identify the two processes in the response to tissue injury.

Back 37

inflammation and regeneration.

Front 38

What are the four indications of inflammation that occurs following an injury?

Back 38

swelling, redness, warmth, and pain.

Front 39

Why can inflammation occur in any organ in the body?

Back 39

all organs have connective tissues.