Chapter 4

Front 1

Superpower

Back 1

US and USSR after 1945; denoting their global political involvements and military capabilities (ex. Nuclear arsenals).

Front 2

Kennan

Back 2

containment of communism.

Front 3

Wind of change

Back 3

– reference by British PM to the political changes taking place across Africa heralding the end of European imperialism.

Front 4

Containment

Back 4

American political strategy for resisting perceived Soviet expansion.

Front 5

Apartheid

Back 5

system of racial segregation introduced in S. Africa in 1948, designed to ensure white minority domination.

Front 6

Truman Doctrine

Back 6

“it must be the policy of the US to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”; came to underpin the policy of containment and American economic & political support for its allies.

Front 7

Cold War

Back 7

extended worldwide conflict between communism/capitalism or USSR/US from 1947-1989 including an arms race, missile gap, MAD, proxy wars & “war of words”.

Front 8

NATO

Back 8

North Atlantic Treaty Organization comprising 12 (later 16) countries from Western Europe & North America; America’s commitment to the defence of Western Europe.

Front 9

Warsaw Pact

Back 9

military alliance between the Socialist states in Central & Eastern Europe to counter NATO military alliance.

Front 10

Détente

Back 10

relaxation of tension between the East & West; 1960s – 1970s characterized by negotiations and nuclear arms control agreements.

Front 11

Rapproachment

Back 11

re-establishment of more friendly relations between the People’s Republic of China and the US in the early 1970s.

Front 12

Glasnost

Back 12

policy of greater openness pursued by Gorbachev from 1985, involving greater toleration of internal dissent and criticism.

Front 13

Perestroika

Back 13

policy of restructuring pursued by Gorbachev in tandem w/Glasnost & intended to modernize the Soviet political & economic system.

Front 14

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 14

Soviet missiles found in Cuba, Kennedy imposes a partial blockade; most legitimate risk of nuclear war, Soviets remove.

Front 15

SALT

Back 15

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks where two bilateral talks on armament control and limiting stock piles of nuclear weapons.

Front 16

Brezhnev Doctrine

Back 16

declaration by Brezhnev that members of Warsaw Pact would enjoy only “limited sovereignty” in their political development (1968).

Front 17

Sinatra Doctrine

Back 17

countries of Eastern Europe were “doing it their way” marking the end of the Brezhnev Doctrine & Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe (1989).

Front 18

MAD

Back 18

Mutually Assured Destruction where both superpowers possessed the capacity to destroy their adversary even after being attacked first with nuclear weapons.