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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following elements is NOT considered a macronutreint for bacterial cells?
a. calcium b. iron c. phosphorus d. potassium |
iron
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What characteristic distinguishes growth factors from other micronutrients?
a. cells are unable to biosynthesize them b. essential for growth c. only monovalantions d. organic composition |
organic composition
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Which metal is considered essential for ALL micro-organisms?
a. iron b. lithium c. magnesium d. selenium |
selenium
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Which type of biomolecule is phosphorus generally least abundant in?
a. carbohydrates b. DNA and RNA c. lipids d. proteins |
carbohydrates |
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Which type of macromolecule in E.coli comprises the largest fraction of its total biomess
a. carbohydrates b. DNA en RNA c. lipids d. proteins |
proteins
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What does ^G0 have to be for energie to be released, and in what units is ^G0 expressed?
a. negative / kcal b. negative / kJ c. positive / kcal d. positive / kJ |
negative / kJ |
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The energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction into the reactive state is
a. quantatified with ^G0 b. called the activation energy c. calles the reaction energy d. overcome with coenzymes
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calles the activation energy
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Hydrolysis of thioesters bonds such as the found in acetyl~S-CoA...
a. is exergenic b. is highly endergonic c. requires enzyme catalysts d. is endergonic when catalyzed by an enzyme
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is exergenic
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How is the ^G0 of a reaction calculated?
a. add the Gf0 of all the reactans; then add the Gf0 of all the products b. add the Gf0 of all the products; then subtract the Gf0 of all the reactants c. substract the Gf0 of any reactants; then add the Gf0 of all the products d. substract all Gf0 of any products; then substract the Gf0 of all the reactants |
add the Gf0 of all the products; then substract the Gf0 of all the reactants |
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In comparison to other molecules in the electron transport chain, NADH has the most _____ E0' and the greatest capacity to ____ electrons.
a. negative / accept b. negative / donate c. positive / accept d. positive/ donate |
negative / donate
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The further apart members of a redox pair are form each other on the redos tower, the higher the reduction potential is ( in volts).
True or False |
False |
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The strongest electron acceptor(s) in nature is/ are
a. a proton b. cytochromes c. NAHD d. oxygen |
oxygen
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NAD+ is a very common coenzyme that donates ____ per molecule of NAD+
a. one electron b. two electrons c. one electron and one proton d two electrons and two protons |
two electrons and two protons
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NAD+ is regenerated in ___, so that it can be used again in glycolysis.
a. the citric acid cycle b. the electron transport chain c. both of above d. neither of the above |
both of the above |
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Fatty acids are biosynthesized using ___ carobn molecules along with the help op ___.
a. two / acyl carrier proteins b. two / lipid synthase c. four / acyl carrier proteins d. four / lipids synthase |
two / acyl carrier proteins |
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Feedback inhibition of an anabolic pathway involves an ___, which often regulates the activity of the ____ step in the pathway.
a. allosteric enzyme / first b. allosteric enzyme / last c. isoenzyme / first d. isoenzyme / last |
allosteric enzyme / first |
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The aspartate and glutamate amino acids families are synthesized from carbon skeletons originating from the ___ pathway.
a. citric acid b. fatty acid biosythesis c. gluconeogenesis d. glucolysis |
citric acid
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Non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria bring in ammonia and use it for anabolic pathways by incorprating it into
a. glutamate b. glutamine c. oxalacetate d. both a and b |
glutamate and glutamine |
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In both Archaea and Bacteria, polysaccharides are synthesized from either
a. adenosine diphosphoglucose or uridine diphosphoglucose. b. hexoses or pentoses c. NAG or NAM chains d. three or four carbon chains |
adenosine diphosphoglucose or uridine diphosphoglucose. |
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Glycolysis must first use two ATP molecules before energy is made for each glucose sugar catabolized.
True or False |
True |
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Which of the following proteins are involved in electron transport?
a. flavoproteins b. iron-sulfur proteins c. NADH dehydrogenases d. all of the above |
Flavoproteins, iron-sulfur proteins and NADH dehydrogenases |
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When glucose is respired, pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters
a. gluconeogenesis b. the proton motive force c. the citric acid cylce d. the glycolysis pathway |
the cytric acid cylce |
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Following the citric acid cycle, two of its products, NADH and FADH, interact with complexes ____ and ____ ( respectively) in the electron transport chain, and ATPase uses the proton motive force generated.
a. I / I b. I / II c. I / III d. II / III |
I / II
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Productions of ATP using oxidative phosphorylation occurs when
a. ATPase is nonfunctional b. glyoclysis was used to catabolize a substrate c. the proton motive forece was generated from respiring reactions d. there is a redox coupling reaction |
the proton motive force was generated from respiring reactons |
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Why is ATP said to be "energy rich"?
a. Hydrolysis of the bond between the second and the third phosphorus yields an especially negative ^G0. b. It resists the loss of reducing power especially well. c. The third carbon-phosphate bond when hydrolyzed releases an especially high G. d. all of the above contribute to the extensive energy ATP holds. |
Hydrolysis of the bond between the second and the third phosphorus yield an especially negative ^G0 |
