Chapter 4

Front 1

1. The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:
A. stroma.
B. cytoplasm.
C. ribosome.
D. nucleoplasm.

Back 1

B. cytoplasm.

Front 2

2. A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a:
A. nucleolus.
B. cell.
C. nucleus.
D. plasma membrane.

Back 2

C. nucleus.

Front 3

3. The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the:
A. mitochondria.
B. plasma membrane.
C. vesicle.
D. Golgi apparatus.

Back 3

D. Golgi apparatus.

Front 4

4. Many antibiotics kill bacteria because they hinder translation by prokaryotic _____.
A. cytoplasm
B. ribosomes
C. cytoskeleton
D. capsules
E. nucleoids

Back 4

B. ribosomes

Front 5

5. The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is:
A. punctuated equilibrium.
B. endosymbiosis.
C. evolution.
D. symbiosis.

Back 5

B. endosymbiosis.

Front 6

6. Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the:
A. cytoplasm.
B. cytoskeleton.
C. nucleus.
D. plasma membrane.

Back 6

B. cytoskeleton.

Front 7

7. Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the:
A. extracellular matrix.
B. ribosomes.
C. cytoplasm.
D. cell wall.

Back 7

A. extracellular matrix.

Front 8

8. Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio:
A. stays the same.
B. is squared.
C. increases.
D. is cubed.
E. decreases.

Back 8

E. decreases.

Front 9

9. Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are:
A. vacuoles.
B. lysosomes.
C. liposomes.
D. peroxisomes.
E. plastids.

Back 9

D. peroxisomes.

Front 10

10. A circular molecule of DNA devoid of any histone proteins describes the chromosome of a (an):
A. flowering plants
B. protozoa
C. yeasts
D. bacteria
E. insects

Back 10

D. bacteria

Front 11

11. Who first described cells?
A. Linnaeus
B. Golgi
C. Hooke
D. Leeuwenhoek
E. Darwin

Back 11

C. Hooke

Front 12

12. Schleiden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form says:
A. all cells will arise spontaneously, all cells require oxygen and all cells are composed of one or more cells.
B. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise by division of other cells.
C. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells require oxygen and all cells arise by division of other cells.
D. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells arise spontaneously and all cells vary in size and shape.

Back 12

B. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise by division of other cells.

Front 13

13. The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is the:
A. ribosomes.
B. nucleoid.
C. nucleus.
D. mitochondria.
E. chloroplast.

Back 13

C. nucleus.

Front 14

14. The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of:
A. fatty acids.
B. amino acids.
C. water molecules.
D. steroids.
E. nucleotides.

Back 14

B. amino acids.

Front 15

15. Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to:
A. pili.
B. ribosomes.
C. cytoskeleton proteins.
D. flagella.
E. capsules.

Back 15

D. flagella.

Front 16

16. Photosynthetic pigments in bacteria are located in the:
A. cell wall.
B. plasma membrane.
C. chloroplasts.
D. nuclei.
E. plasmids.

Back 16

B. plasma membrane.

Front 17

17. Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:
A. central vacuole.
B. centriole.
C. nucleus.
D. Golgi body.
E. chloroplast.

Back 17

A. central vacuole.

Front 18

18. This cellular structure lacks a membrane:
A. Golgi body
B. nucleus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. microbody
E. nucleoid

Back 18

E. nucleoid

Front 19

19. Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the:
A. cell wall.
B. capsule.
C. nucleoid area.
D. plasma membrane.
E. flagella/cilia.

Back 19

A. cell wall.

Front 20

20. The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called:
A. organelles.
B. cilia.
C. flagella.
D. receptors.
E. chromosomes.

Back 20

A. organelles.

Front 21

21. Ribosomes are made up of:
A. only protein molecules.
B. only RNA molecules.
C. DNA and RNA.
D. protein and RNA.
E. only DNA molecules.

Back 21

D. protein and RNA.

Front 22

22. The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called the:
A. mitochondrion.
B. vacuole.
C. smooth ER.
D. Golgi body.
E. nucleus.

Back 22

D. Golgi body.

Front 23

23. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in:
A. phospholipid assembly.
B. export of enzymes.
C. energy release/capture.
D. lipid synthesis.
E. protein synthesis.

Back 23

C. energy release/capture.

Front 24

24. The major histocompatibility complex is important in a T-cell's ability to:
A. recognize specific bacteria.
B. recognize self from nonself.
C. recognize specific parasites.
D. recognize specific viruses.

Back 24

B. recognize self from nonself.

Front 25

25. Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except:
A. RNA only outward.
B. proteins inward and outward.
C. DNA molecules only outward.

Back 25

C. DNA molecules only outward.

Front 26

26. The nucleolus is the site of:
A. chromosome replication.
B. uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes.
C. lipid synthesis.
D. protein synthesis.
E. ribosome assembly.

Back 26

E. ribosome assembly.

Front 27

27. Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only:
A. during cell division.
B. after the cell is dead.
C. while the DNA is being copied into RNA.
D. while the nuclear pores are open.
E. while the proteins are being assembled.

Back 27

A. during cell division.

Front 28

28. A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system. The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with what organelle?
A. Golgi bodies
B. ribosomes
C. vacuoles
D. peroxisomes
E. endoplasmic reticulum

Back 28

D. peroxisomes

Front 29

29. Peroxisomes are examples of:
A. lysosomes.
B. chromosomes.
C. microbodies.
D. nucleosomes.
E. ribosomes.

Back 29

C. microbodies.

Front 30

30. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain:
A. pigments.
B. pores.
C. DNA.
D. channels.
E. plasma membranes.

Back 30

C. DNA.

Front 31

31. The organelle involved in the oxygen-requiring process by which the energy harvested from macromolecules is used to generate ATP is the:
A. chloroplasts.
B. ER.
C. mitochondria.
D. nucleus.
E. lysosome.

Back 31

C. mitochondria.

Front 32

32. Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:
A. protein fibers in a helical arrangement.
B. nine triplets of microtubules in a circle.
C. actin filaments in a 9 + 2 arrangement.
D. microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement.

Back 32

D. microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement.

Front 33

33. The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:
A. Gram stain.
B. chlorophyll.
C. hemoglobin.
D. chromatin.
E. keratin.

Back 33

B. chlorophyll.

Front 34

34. The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called:
A. swimming.
B. waving.
C. crawling.
D. whipping.

Back 34

C. crawling.

Front 35

35. A team of researchers is studying the external structures on the dorsal (back) surface of a spider mite. The spider mite seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite, which is approximately 0.05mm. While they can see the dorsal surface of the spider mite with their naked eye, they cannot see the mite clearly. The researchers are writing a grant to provide support for a microscope to use to study these new mites. They need to purchase a microscope with a high magnification to observe the new mites on their habitat. It is not necessary for them to observe living mites. Based on the information given, what type of microscope would you suggest?
A. transmission electron microscope
B. scanning electron microscope
C. dissecting microscope
D. binocular compound light microscope

Back 35

D. binocular compound light microscope

Front 36

36. A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He asks why there are so many ribosomes. You respond,
A. "This tissue exports lipids and is very involved with mRNA production."
B. "This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body."
C. "This tissue exports various nucleic acids, hence the large number of ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum in each of those cells."

Back 36

B. "This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body."

Front 37

37. You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome. You would also expect to see this dye in:
A. nucleus.
B. cytoplasm.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. mitochondria.

Back 37

C. endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 38

38. A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell?
A. the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus
B. the synthesis of proteins or lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum
C. the movement of vesicles from mitochondria to the Golgi apparatus
D. the movement of materials from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane

Back 38

A. the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

Front 39

39. Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:
A. mitochondria
B. cell walls
C. lysosomes
D. nuclei
E. chloroplasts

Back 39

B. cell walls

Front 40

40. Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use?
A. confocal microscope
B. scanning electron microscope
C. fluorescence microscope
D. phase-contrast microscope

Back 40

A. confocal microscope

Front 41

41. Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80C. What feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?
A. Archaeal membranes contain special lipids.
B. Archaea have two cell walls which helps prevent heat absorption.
C. Archaea are highly adaptable to changing environmental temperatures.
D. Archaea use the heat from their environment to produce ATP.

Back 41

A. Archaeal membranes contain special lipids.

Front 42

42. Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?
A. rough ER
B. Golgi apparatus
C. lysosome
D. nucleus

Back 42

C. lysosome

Front 43

43. You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins. Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted for delivery to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?
A. Golgi apparatus and ER
B. Golgi apparatus and nucleus
C. ER and ribosomes
D. ER and nucleus

Back 43

A. Golgi apparatus and ER

Front 44

44. Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include?
A. ribosomes
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. cell wall

Back 44

A. ribosomes

Front 45

45. When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used?
A. both kinesin and dynein
B. dynein
C. kinesin
D. Molecular motors are not required for movement along microtubules.

Back 45

B. dynein

Front 46

46. A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi. At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi. As a result, what would happen to the protein?
A. The protein would continue on to the cell surface.
B. The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.
C. The protein would return to the ER via the cis face of the Golgi.
D. The protein would exit the Golgi, but instead be targeted to the cytoplasm.

Back 46

B. The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.

Front 47

47. If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, what experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?
A. immunohistochemistry, dark-field microscopy
B. DAPI or Hoechst stains, fluorescence microscopy
C. immunohistochemistry, bright-field microscopy
D. antibody interference assay, bright-field microscopy

Back 47

C. immunohistochemistry, bright-field microscopy

Front 48

48. During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?
A. ribosome assembly
B. chromatin formation
C. formation of the nucleolus
D. protein synthesis

Back 48

D. protein synthesis

Front 49

49. Cardiac muscle cells are connected by special junctions called intercalated discs. Intercalated discs provide strength between cells of tissues which exhibit high mechanical stress, strong flexible connections between tissue cells, and electrical excitability between the cells. Using this information, what junctions are present in intercalated discs?
A. tight, plasmodesmata, and adherens
B. tight, plasmodesmata, and desmosomes
C. gap, adherens, and desmosomes
D. gap, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes.
E. adherens, tight, and gap

Back 49

C. gap, adherens, and desmosomes

Front 50

50. Based on the function of mitochondria, what substance is able to pass through the outer membrane of the mitochondria easily?
A. Oxygen
B. Sugars
C. Amino acids
D. Potassium ions

Back 50

A. Oxygen

Front 51

51. Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time. What are these structures called?
A. Pili
B. Flagella
C. Cell walls
D. Cilia

Back 51

D. Cilia

Front 52

52. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that interferes with the function of the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. What is the consequence of treating a bacteria with streptomycin?
A. Impaired oxygen synthesis
B. Impaired protein synthesis
C. Impaired DNA synthesis
D. Impaired ATP synthesis

Back 52

B. Impaired protein synthesis

Front 53

53. If the function of centrioles was impaired in a cell, it could not:
A. conduct photosynthesis.
B. divide.
C. make ATP.
D. synthesize proteins.
E. produce lysosomes.

Back 53

B. divide.

Front 54

54. When looking at plant and animal cells with an electron microscope, you notice that the plant cells have more Golgi membranes than the animal cells. How might you explain this?
A. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of cell walls.
B. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of chloroplasts.
C. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of cytoplasm.
D. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of ribosomes.
E. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of mitochondria.

Back 54

A. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of cell walls.

Front 55

55. Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (GSD II), also known as Pompe disease, is a metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of glycogen in muscles and neurons throughout the body. It is caused by a defect in an enzyme that is normally housed with other enzymes that are involved in breaking down large macromolecules. What organelle is most likely affected by this disease?
A. Nucleus
B. Rough ER
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondrion
E. Golgi body

Back 55

C. Lysosome

Front 56

56. Scientists believe that stimulating growth of algae and other organisms can reduce carbon dioxide amounts in the atmosphere. What is vital to removal of carbon dioxide?
A. Central vacuole
B. Matrix in mitochondria
C. Cellulose in cell wall
D. Stroma in chloroplasts
E. Number of amyloplasts

Back 56

D. Stroma in chloroplasts

Front 57

57. Cardiac muscle has prolonged contraction due to a sodium induced-calcium released process into the cytoplasm of the cell. Cardiac cells can communicate through pore-like channels between cells. List the junction and the organelle involved in cardiac muscle contraction?
A. Gap; Golgi apparatus
B. Gap; Rough ER
C. Adherens; Smooth ER
D. Adherens; Rough ER
E. Gap; Smooth ER
F. Adherens; Golgi apparatus

Back 57

E. Gap; Smooth ER

Front 58

58. Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by mutations in all the following except:
A. mitochondrial DNA
B. nuclear DNA
C. cytoplasmic DNA

Back 58

C. cytoplasmic DNA

Front 59

59. What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts?
A.

Mitochondria have linear strands of DNA and chloroplasts have rings of DNA.

B.

Mitochondria have three membranes and chloroplasts have two membranes.

C.

Mitochondria produce oxygen and chloroplasts produce carbon dioxide.

D. Mitochondria are oxidative metabolic bacteria derivatives and chloroplasts are photosynthetic bacteria derivatives.

Back 59

D. Mitochondria are oxidative metabolic bacteria derivatives and chloroplasts are photosynthetic bacteria derivatives.

Front 60

60. If a water molecule passes through the outer membrane of a chloroplast, how many more membranes will it have to move through to be in the stroma?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Back 60

B. 2

Front 61

61. As ATP moves from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm of a cell, how many membranes will it pass?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Back 61

B. 2

Front 62

62. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are different in size. What is a plausible explanation?
A. Prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
B. Eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.
C. Prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.
D. Eukaryotes are immobile allowing them to grow larger.
E. Prokaryotic cell walls limit their cell growth.

Back 62

B. Eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Front 63

63. A cuboidal shaped cell with six sides is 1mm X 1mm X 1mm. What is the volume and the surface area of the cell?
A. 1mm3 : 6mm2
B. 3mm3 : 3mm2
C. 1mm3 : 3mm2
D. 3mm3 : 1mm2

Back 63

A. 1mm3 : 6mm2

Front 64

64. Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly. What cell structure had most likely had contracted?
A. cytoplasm
B. cell wall
C. plasma membrane
D. vacuole

Back 64

D. vacuole