Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is magnification?
|
increased the apparent size of an object
|
|
What is resolution?
|
measure of the clarity of an image
|
|
What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
|
LMs cannot provide details of a small cell's structure, EM's can only observe non living objects.
|
|
What is the cell theory?
|
all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells
|
|
What is the difference between a SEM and a TEM?
|
SEMs study the detailed architecture of a cell's surface whereas TEMs study the details of the internal cell structure
|
|
What is the range of most animal and plant cells?
|
10-100 micrometers
|
|
What increases as the cell size increases?
|
the volume increases (faster than the surface area)
|
|
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
|
prokaryotic cells are smaller, do not have a membrane enclosed nucleus that houses their DNA or other membrane enclosed organelles, and have smaller, different ribosomes.
|
|
What is the purpose of the plasma membrane and what is it made of?
|
forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings, made of phospholipids
|
|
What is a chromosome?
|
an organelle that carries the genes made of DNA
|
|
What are ribosomes?
|
tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes
|
|
What is the cytoplasm?
|
the interior of a cell
|
|
What is a nucleoid?
|
DNA of prokaryotic cells are coiled into this region but not surrounded by a membrane
|
|
What are flagella?
|
longer projections that propel the cell through its liquid environment
|
|
What is the nucleus?
|
region that performs DNA replication, RNA synthesis
|
|
What is the Rough ER?
|
synthesis of membrane lipids and proteins, secretory proteins, hydrolytic enzymes, formation of transport vesicles
|
|
What is the Smooth ER?
|
lipid synthesis, detox in liver cells, calcium ion storage
|
|
What is the Golgi apparatus?
|
modification/sorting of macromolecules, formation of lysosomes and transport vesicles
|
|
What are lysosomes?
|
digestion of ingested food, bacteria, and a cell's damage organelles and macromolecules for recycling
|
|
What are vacuoles?
|
digestion (food vacuole) storage of chemicals and cell enlargement (central vacuole) water balance (contractile vacuole)
|
|
What are mitochondria?
|
conversion of chemical energy in food to chemical energy of ATp, have their own DNA and ribosomes
|
|
What are chloroplasts?
|
conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars
|
|
What is the cytoskeleton made of?
|
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubles
|
|
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
|
maintenance of cell shape, anchorage for organelles, cell movement
|
|
What are the 3 cell junctions?
|
1. tight junctions (prevent leakage),
2. anchoring junctions (fasten cells together into sheets) 3. gap junctions (allow molecules to flow between cells) |
|
What are cell walls?
|
only in plant cells, support /protection
|
|
What is the nuclear envelope?
|
double membrane, has pores that allow material to flow in and out of the cell
|
|
What are cilia?
|
short "eyelashes", work like the oars of a boat to propel the cell
|
|
What are flagella and cilia made of?
|
microtubules
|
|
What is the extracellular matrix (EM)?
|
helps animal cells hold together in tissues and protect/support plasma membrane
|
|
What is the endosymbiont theory?
|
states the mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells.
|