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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The three needs in Alderfer’s modification of Maslow’s theory are existence, relatedness and:
a. achievement b. growth c. power d. affiliation |
b. growth
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Extrinsic rewards:
a. tend to be large in magnitude b. are similar to needs c. are expensive to administer d. are given to the individual by someone else |
d. are given to the individual by someone else
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Maslow’s theory:
a. applies equally to all people b. is a content motivation theory c. is more a theory of leadership than of motivation d. is a process motivation theory |
b. is a content motivation theory
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Herzberg suggested that performance can be improved by:
a. emphasising instrumentality b. stressing higher-order needs c. adding satisfiers to people’s jobs d. adding hygienes to people’s jobs |
c. adding satisfiers to people’s jobs
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Valence is defined by Vroom as the:
a. value attached by an individual to various work outcomes b. given level of achieved task performance c. anticipation of negative inequities d. value attached by an individual to effort |
a. value attached by an individual to various work outcomes
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The need for love or affection or the sense of belongingness in one’s relationships is known as:
a. self-actualisation b. safety c. social d. security |
c. social
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ERG theory is the work of:
a. Maslow b. Herzberg c. Adams b. Alderfer |
b. Alderfer
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An individual’s willingness to perform is directly related to their:
a. needs, expectations, rewards b. needs, expectations, values c. expectations, values, effort d. expectations, competencies, needs |
b. needs, expectations, values
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In Alderfer’s theory:
a. only one need can be activated at one time b. more than one need can be activated at one time c. activated needs become rewards d. content and process theories are combined |
b. more than one need can be activated at one time
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The need level immediately preceding self-actualisation in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is:
a. social b. safety c. esteem d. security |
c. esteem
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Victor Vroom:
a. proposed a theory of hierarchy of needs b. developed a well-known version of expectancy theory c. refined Maslow’s theory d. refined equity theory |
b. developed a well-known version of expectancy theory
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McClelland’s need for achievement is characterised by a desire to:
a. solve problems b. influence others’ behaviour c. be responsible for other people d. emphasise higher-order needs |
a. solve problems
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Which of the following relates to Alderfer’s existence needs?
a. material wellbeing b. continued personal development c. continued personal growth d. continued self-actualisation |
a. material wellbeing
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy or technique for empowering employees?
a. provide emotional support b. encourage job mastery c. provide appropriate feedback d. surrender all power |
d. surrender all power
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The integrated motivational model:
a. combines content and context motivation theories b. combines content and process motivation theories c. shows how rewards can lead to individual and group performance d. shows how contingencies can lead to individual and group performance |
b. combines content and process motivation theories
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Alderfer’s modification of Maslow’s theory puts the need levels into how many different categories?
a. three b. four c. five d. six |
a. three
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Process theories:
a. are thought to be static and descriptive b. lend insight into people’s needs c. are weakly linked with work efforts. d. provide an understanding of the thoughts that influence behavior |
d. provide an understanding of the thoughts that influence behavior
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Herzberg’s work:
a. has been fully approved by OB experts b. led Maslow to develop his own theory c. is a form of process motivation theory d. is quite controversial |
d. is quite controversial
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Equity theory and expectancy theory:
a. are both content theories b. are both extensions of Maslow c. each involve need satisfaction d. are both process theories |
d. are both process theories
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Herzberg’s theory does not include:
a. satisfiers b. hygiene factors c. equity d. job content factors |
c. equity
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Which of the following are considered higher-order needs?
a. self-actualisation and social b. esteem and social c. esteem and self-actualisation d. self-actualisation and safety |
c. esteem and self-actualisation
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A person’s belief that he or she can perform adequately in a situation is called:
a. self-efficacy b. empowerment c. motivation d. competency building |
a. self-efficacy
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The probability assigned by an individual that work effort will be followed by a given level of achieved task performance is:
a. instrumentality b. expectancy c. deprivation d. valence |
b. expectancy
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To work well, merit pay plans should:
a. be dependent on cost-of-living adjustments b. be based on group incentives c. make pay contingent on satisfaction d. be based on accurate measure of individual performance |
d. be based on accurate measure of individual performance
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The key terms in expectancy theory are:
a. expectancy, instrumentality, valence b. instrumentality, equity, tension c. valence, desirability, instrumentality d. tension, valence, expectancy |
a. expectancy, instrumentality, valence
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Content motivation theories are represented by:
a. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland b. Maslow, Vroom, Alderfer and Herzberg c. Alderfer, McClelland, Vroom and Adams d. Alderfer, Maslow, Herzberg and Adams |
a. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland
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One of the needs in Alderfer’s theory is called:
a. physiological b. growth c. self-actualisation d. security |
b. growth
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The theory of acquired needs that focus on power was developed by:
a. Maslow b. Alderfer c. McClelland d. Vroom |
c. McClelland
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The meaning of pay from an equity theory perspective is:
a. pay is an object of social comparison b. pay is only one of many work valued rewards c. pay is one of the extrinsic rewards that a manager may use d. pay is one of the intrinsic rewards that a manager may use |
a. pay is an object of social comparison
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The three acquired needs in McClelland’s theory are:
a. achievement, affiliation, self-actualisation b. achievement, affiliation, power c. achievement, safety, power d. achievement, affiliation, security |
b. achievement, affiliation, power
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