Chapter 4: Water Management

Front 1

True/ False-- Infrequent deep soakings of rees and shrubs are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings.

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

The most beneficial times to irrigate plants are (Blank Blank) or (Blank Blank).

Back 2

Early mornin or late nights

Front 3

clay soils generally have a greater (Blank Blank Blank) thank sandy soils, but water percolates through clay soils more slowly.

Back 3

water hold compacity

Front 4

disadvantages to sprinkler irrigation are high application rates and surface (Blank) created by the water hitting soil surface

Back 4

Compaction

Front 5

True/False-- In most instance, it is preferable to minimize water irrigation directly to the foliage of plants.

Back 5

TRUE

Front 6

Name two advantages and two disadvantages of drip irrigation.

Back 6

Advantage: a. Reduce Runoff b. Reduce Erosion
Disadvantage: a. Plugged Emitters b. Broken Line

Front 7

(Blank Blank) is designed to maintain plants during periods of reduced rainfall, supplying only enough water to maintain a desired plant quality.

Back 7

Minimal Irrigation

Front 8

A measure of the rate of water use by plants and evaporation from soil is known as (Blank).

Back 8

evapotranspiration

Front 9

Name five benefits of using mulches around trees.

Back 9

a. moderate temperature extremes
b. reduce weeds grasses
c. keep mowers away
d. maintain soil moisture
e. asthetically pleasing

Front 10

A (blank blank) is a landscape feature specifically designed to collect and hold storm water runoff.

Back 10

rain graden

Front 11

(blank)are materials sprayed on plants to reduce water loss through transpiration.

Back 11

antitranspirants

Front 12

soil probes, (blank), and electronic moisture sensors are used to monitor soil wetness or dryness.

Back 12

transiometers

Front 13

true/false--- Drought problems can be especially severe following periods of moderate to high soil moisture conditions.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Name three tree health problems associated with flooding

Back 14

a. root suffocation/death
b. soil organisms killed
c. predisposition to other stress factors
d. root collar rot
e. tree prone to toppling
f. mineral toxicities

Front 15

"What are some of the methods commonly used to esitmate how often and how much to irrigate?

Back 15

evapotransirations, water holding compacity, infiltration rate

Front 16

How can high soil salinity occur? What are the irrigation pracitces that should be used to minimize high soil salinity?

Back 16

Short frequent water vs long less frequent water

Front 17

In what ways can antitranspirants reduce water loss through trnspiration? What are the limitations to their use?

Back 17

"coating leaves; plant species"

Front 18

compare and contrast the effects and symptoms of drought conditions and flood conditions

Back 18

Drought: Alkalinity
Both:lead to death of plant
Flood:Fungal

Front 19

When irrigation trees,
a. infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings
b. the most beneficial and ifficient time to water is mid afternoon at peak sunlight
c. the foliage should be kept wet at night to reduce transpiration
d. keeping the soil moist at the root flare reduces girdling root formation

Back 19

infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings

Front 20

Sandy soils
a. have a greater water holding capacity than clay soils
b. have a higher infiltration rates than clay soils
c. do not ever reach field capacity because drainage is good
d. all of the above

Back 20

all of the above

Front 21

A soil is a field capacity when
a. it is completely saturated
b. the permanent wilting point has been reached
c. gravitational water has drained away
d. there is no water available to the roots.

Back 21

gravitational water has drained away

Front 22

with sprinkler irrigation
a. less frequent waterings of longer duration will reduce the likelihood of slat buildup
b. water hitting the soil suface can lead to crusting
c. application rates that exceed absorption can lead to run off
d. all of the above

Back 22

all of the above

Front 23

in sites where poor drainage can be a problem, which of the following will not help ensure plant survival?
a. careful plant selection and shallow planting
b. improvement of surface dranage by changing the grade, or trenching
c. installation of tile
d. placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and back filling with sandy soil

Back 23

placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and back filling with sandy soil

Front 24

The (blank) rate is the rate at which water soaks into the soil

Back 24

Infiltration