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17 Cards in this Set

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Tissues

Collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substance surrounding them

Extracellular Matrix

The composition of the non-cellular substances surrounding the cells

Histology

The microscopic study of tissues

Biopsy

The process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes.

Autopsy

The examination of organs of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by disease.

Endoderm

The inner layer, forms the lining of the digestive tract and it's derivatives.

Mesoderm

The middle layer, forms tissues such as muscle, bone, and blood vessels.

Ectoderm

The outer layer, forms the skin; a portion of the ectoderm called neuroectoderm becomes the nervous system.

Neural Crest cells

Give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment the medulla of the adrenal gland and many tissues of the face.

Epithelial tissue

Covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body.


1) mostly composed of cells


2) covers body surfaces and forms glands


3) distinct cell surfaces (most epithelial tissues have one free or apical surface where cells are exposed and not attached. The cells have a lateral surface where cells are attached to other epithelial cells.


4) Cell and Matrix connections


5) nonvascular


6) capable of regeneration

Basement membrane

A specialized type of extracellular material secreted by epithelial and connective tissue. Helps attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.

Basal surface

At the base of the cells, attaches to the basement membrane.

Functions of Epithelial Tissues

1) protecting underlying structures


2) acting as a barrier


3) permitting the passage of substances


4) secreting substances


5) absorbing substances

Simple epithelium

Consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface

Stratified epithelium

Consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Is a special type of simple epithelium. The prefix pseudo- means false, so this type of epithelium appears to be stratified but is not

Three types of epithelium based on idealized shapes of the epithelial cells

1) Squamous - cells are flat or scale like


2) cuboidal- cells are cube-shaped-about as wide as they are tall


3) columnar- cells tend to be taller than they are wide