Chapter 39 Endocrine And Reproductive Systems

Front 1

hormone

Back 1

substance produced in one part of an organism that affects another part of the same organism

Front 2

target cell

Back 2

cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone

Front 3

exocrine gland

Back 3

gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts

Front 4

endocrine gland

Back 4

gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream

Front 5

prostaglandin

Back 5

hormonelike modified fatty acid produced by a wide range of cells; generally affects only nearby cells and tissues

Front 6

pituitary gland

Back 6

gland in the base of the skull that secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and control the actions of several other endocrine glands

Front 7

diabetes mellitus

Back 7

condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin, resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose

Front 8

ovary

Back 8

in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced; in animals, the female gonad that produces eggs

Front 9

testis

Back 9

male gonad that produces sperm

Front 10

puberty

Back 10

period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional

Front 11

scrotum

Back 11

external sac containing the testes

Front 12

seminiferous tubule

Back 12

one of hundreds of tiny tubules in the testes in which sperm are produced

Front 13

epididymis

Back 13

structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm fully mature and are stored

Front 14

vas deferens

Back 14

tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Front 15

urethra

Back 15

tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body

Front 16

penis

Back 16

external male reproductive organ

Front 17

follicle

Back 17

cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system

Front 18

ovulation

Back 18

process in which an egg is released from the ovary

Front 19

fallopian tube

Back 19

one of two fluid-filled tubes in human females through which an egg passes after its release from an ovary

Front 20

uterus

Back 20

organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop

Front 21

vagina

Back 21

in the human female reproductive system, a canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body

Front 22

menstrual cycle

Back 22

cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg

Front 23

corpus luteum

Back 23

name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow color

Front 24

menstruation

Back 24

phase of the menstrual cycle during which the lining of the uterus, along with blood and the unfertilized egg, is discharged through the vagina

Front 25

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Back 25

disease spread from one person to another during sexual contact

Front 26

zygote

Back 26

fertilized egg

Front 27

implantation

Back 27

process in which a blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus

Front 28

differentiation

Back 28

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Front 29

gastrulation

Back 29

process of cell migration by which a third layer of cells is formed within the cavity of a blastocyst

Front 30

neurulation

Back 30

development of the nervous system

Front 31

placenta

Back 31

organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother

Front 32

fetus

Back 32

name given to a human embryo after eight weeks of development