Chapter 38 Digestive And Excretory Systems

Front 1

calorie

Back 1

term used by scientists to measure the energy stored in foods; 1000 calories

Front 2

carbohydrate

Back 2

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

Front 3

fat

Back 3

lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body

Front 4

protein

Back 4

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes

Front 5

vitamin

Back 5

organic molecule that helps regulate body processes

Front 6

mineral

Back 6

inorganic nutrient the body needs, usually in small amounts

Front 7

amylase

Back 7

enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

Front 8

esophagus

Back 8

food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Front 9

peristalsis

Back 9

rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach

Front 10

stomach

Back 10

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

Front 11

chyme

Back 11

mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles

Front 12

small intestine

Back 12

digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place

Front 13

pancreas

Back 13

gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid

Front 14

liver

Back 14

large organ just above the stomach that produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts

Front 15

villus

Back 15

folded projection that increases the surface area of the walls of the small intestine

Front 16

large intestine

Back 16

colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it

Front 17

kidney

Back 17

organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter

Front 18

ureter

Back 18

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 19

urinary bladder

Back 19

saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted

Front 20

nephron

Back 20

blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney

Front 21

filtration

Back 21

process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes

Front 22

glomerulus

Back 22

small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place

Front 23

Boman's capsule

Back 23

cup-shaped structure in the upper end of a nephron that encases the glomerulus

Front 24

reabsorption

Back 24

process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel

Front 25

loop of Henle

Back 25

section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine

Front 26

urethra

Back 26

tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body