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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fact
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With asexual reproduction the offspring are genetically identical to the parent animal
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Describe Budding
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adult animal is able to produce minature replicas of itself and they break off when they reach full size
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Describe Fission
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organism splits into two or more pieces and regenerate the missing piece
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Describe parthenogenesis
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animals have seperate sexes. Females have eggs that never get fertilized, something in environment starts division of cells- eggs start developing without being fertilized
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describe cloning
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take on egg cell (haploid) take out nucleus and replace a somatic (body) cell nucleus with your entire genetic info, cell divides and is put in the seregate mother
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Fact
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With sexual reproduction males and females produce haploid gametes through meiosis, and two parents contribute haploid gametes to form a new individual, this occurs with fertilization
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Advantages of external and internal fertilization
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external-no mating needed (just timing)
internal-gametes are protected and fewer are needed |
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disadvantages of external and internal fertilization
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external- requires large # of gametes, predation is a problem
internal- |
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Which is more common for terrestrial animals? why?
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Internal- b/c dry out on land and sperm need to swim
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Is cloning an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
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asexual
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Function of the testes
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produce sperm and testosterone
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Function of the epididymus
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store sperm until they mature and become mobile
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Function of the prostate gland
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secrete fluid into semen
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Function of seminiferous tubules
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produce sperm cells
(in testes) |
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Function of vas deferens
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passageway from epididymus to the urethra
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function of seminal vesicles
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secrete fluid into semen
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function of interstitial cells
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produce testosterone
(in testes) |
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Role of GNRH in male reproductive system
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stimulates pituitary to release FSH and LH
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Role of FSH in male reproductive system
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stimulate sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis
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Role of LH in male reproductive system
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stimulate interstitial cells to promote the production of testosterone
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Role of testosterone in male reproductive system
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needed to stimulate the production of sperm
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What are the three glands which contribute to the production of sperm?
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prostate gland
seminal vesicles bulbo-urethral gland |
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What are the 3 functions of semen?
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1) provide liquid medium for sperm to swim
2) provide glucose (ATP) 3) acid environment of uterus in neutralized |
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Why do males need to produce so many viable sperm in order to be considered 'fertile'
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the egg has a protective covering and each sperm has acrosome which is an enzyme that errodes away that covering to fertilize it
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Function of the ovaries
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produces eggs, estrogen and progesterone
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Function of uterus
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muscular chamber where fetus develops
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Function of vagina
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receptacle for semen, birth canal
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Function of follicles
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cluster of cells around a maturing ova
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Function of Fallopion tubes
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(oviduct) site of fertilization, passageway to the uterus which recieves an ovum
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Function of Cervix
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neck of uterus, closes off lower end of the uterus
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function of the endometrium
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rich nutritive lining each month
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function of the corpus luteum
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only thing making progesterone
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Role of GNRH in female reproduction
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stimulates pituitary to release gonadotropins
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Role of FSH
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stimulate a follicle to develop-release estrogen
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Role of LH
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interstitial cells to promote testosterone
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role of estrogen
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causes endometrium to be built up, cause a rise in GNRH
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role of progesterone
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stimulates development of uterine lining and formation of placenta
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When during a woman's cycle is she most likely to become pregnant?
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day 11 or 12 anytime immediately before or after ovulation
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What signlas the endometrium NOT to be shed if a woman is pregnant?
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HCG hormone
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Know the various STDs
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gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, aids, genital herpes, genital warts
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Which one is very closely linked to cervical cancer in women?
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genital warts
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Which ones can be transmitted during pregnancy?
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syphilis, herpes
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Which can be transmitted during delivery?
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gonorrhea, herpes
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Which lead to infertility?
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gonorrhea
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difference between birth control and contraception
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contraception is the prevention of pregnancy
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Which contraceptive methods are permanent?
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sterilization and hysterectamy
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Which methods also protect against STDs
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condom, cervical cap
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