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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissue |
Group of cells with common structure, function or both |
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Organ |
Several tissues that together carry out a particular function |
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Three Basic Organ Structures of Plants |
Root, Stem, & Leaves |
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Function of Roots |
Anchoring the plant Absorbing minerals and water Often store organic materials |
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Fibrous Root System |
Seedless vascular plants and monocots Embryonic root does Many small roots grow from stem – Each small root forms own lateral root Fibrous root system – a mat of generally thin roots spreading out below the soil surface Adventitious – roots arising from the stem Shallower than a taproot system |
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A stem is an organ consisting of : |
An alternating system of nodes (points which leaves are attached) and internodes (the segments between leaves) |
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Axillary Bud |
structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch Dormant in young shoots |
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Terminal Bud |
located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot Develop leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes Proximity of terminal bud is responsible for inhibiting the growth of axillary buds – apical dominance |
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Leaf |
main vascular organ of most photosynthetic plants |
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Leaves generally consist of : |
A flattened blade and a stalk The petiole, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem Grasses and other monocots lack petioles |
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Tissue System |
one or two tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the organs of a plant |
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Each plant organ has _________, ________, and __________ tissues |
Dermal, Vascular, Ground |
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Dermal Tissue System |
outer protective covering – like skin First line of defense against physical damage and pathogenic organisms In nonwoody plants, the dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis – single layer of tightly packed cells In woody plants, protective tissues called periderm replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots |
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Stele |
The vascular tissue of a stem or root |
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Parenchyma Cells |
Thin and flexible primary cell walls Most metabolic function Synthesizing and storing organic products, Photosynthesis in leaves, Starch storage in roots, Fleshy tissue of typical fruit Retain ability to divide and differentiate Can grow entire plant from parenchyma cells! |
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Collenchyma Cells |
Grouped in strands or cyllinders Help support young parts of plant shoot Thick primary walls Strings of celery! Provide flexible support without restraining growth Living and flexible at maturity |
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Sclerenchyma Cells |
Support, secondary wall strengthened with lignin Mature cells cannot elongate - occur where plant stops growing Dead at functional maturity, skeleton provides support Sclereids – short, irregular shape, thick lignified secondary walls Fibers – arranged in threads; long, slender and tapered |
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Water conducting cells of xylem |
Tubular, elongated cells.. dead at maturity Tracheids Long thin cells with tapered ends Secondary walls – lignin – prevents collapse Vessel Elements Pits |
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Sugar conducting cells of the phloem |
Alive at functional maturity! Sieve tubes Lack organelles Enables nutrients to pass easily End walls between sieve-tube members – sieve plates – pores that facilitate flow Companion cell – beside sieve-tube members – nucleus and ribosomes serve sieve-tube member Plasmodesmata – channels connecting companion with sieve-tube member
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Apical Meristem |
Located at tips of root and bud of shoot Elongate roots and shoots! GROWTH
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Lateral Meristems |
Add thickness to woody plants (secondary growth)
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Vascular cambium |
Lateral meristem Adds layer of vascular tissue (xylem) - wood and secondary phloem |
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Cork cambium |
Replaces epidermis with periderm - which is thicker and tougher |
