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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parenchyma cells |
living cells with thin, flexible primary walls that make up the inside of most non-woody plant structures including the leaves, stems, and roots >starch storage >photosynthesis |
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collenchyma cells |
elongated cells with rigid second cell wall that provides support to growing shoots/leaves >living/flexible at maturity |
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cuticle |
a waxy coating on surface of stems/leaves >prevents desiccation |
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lignin |
a strong polymer that provides support to cell walls of vascular plants |
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periderm |
protective coat that replaces epidermis in woody plants |
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Trichomes |
small hair or outgrowth of the epidermis >protect against insects >reflect UV light >release oils or chemicals |
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xylem |
conducts water and dissolved minerals upwards from roots >tracheids/ vessel elements |
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phloem |
transports sugars to roots and other are as of growth >sieve tube elements >companion cells |
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Trachieds |
Xylem long thin cells with tapered ends >dead at maturity >pits: lateral water movement |
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Vessel Elements |
Xylem wide, short, thinly walled cells >dead at maturity |
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sieve tube elements |
phloem chains of long narrow cells that transport nutrients and sugars >alive at maturity >sieve plates: porous plates that allow fluid to pass b/w cells |
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companion cells |
nonconducting cell adjacent to sieve tube cells >alive at maturity >nucleus/ribosomes serve both >plasmodia: connect companion cells to sieve tube cells |
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Apical Meristem |
meristematic tissue in root and shoot tips that increase length of roots/shoots |
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Protoderm |
gives rise to epidermis |
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Ground Meristem |
gives rise to ground tissue |
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Procambium |
gives rise to primary xylem and phloem |
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Lateral Meristem |
meristematic tissue that thickens the roots/shoots in woody plants |
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Vascular Cambium |
produces secondary xylem/phloem |
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Cork Cambium |
replaces epidermis with tough periderm |
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Pith |
core of parenchyma cells |
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Pericycle |
outermost cell layer of vascular cylinder |
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endodermis |
cylinder one cell thick that forms boundary of vascular cylinder |
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Casparian Strip |
part of endodermis regulates water/minerals suberin |
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Passage cells |
part of endodermis allow water to pass through |
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Cortex |
Storage |
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Buttress Roots |
provide support to large trees with shallow root systems >nutrient poor soil in tropics |
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Pneumatophores |
roots that extend above the water allowing the roots to perform gas exchange |
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Haustorial roots |
roots of a parasitic plant that absorb water and nutrients from host plant |
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axillary bud |
embryonic stem at base of petiole that contains meristematic cells >develop into branches, thorns, or flowers >hormone controlled |
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stolons |
horizontal shoots that grow along the surface asexual reproduction trough plantlets |
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Cladophylls |
flattened leaf-like stem >photosynthesis >cactus |
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tubers |
enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons that are specialized in storing food |
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Rhizomes |
horizontal shoot that grow just below the surface >vertical shoots arise from axillary buds |
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guard cells |
surround stomata |
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mesophyll |
middle of leaf palisade layer- photosynthesis spongy layer- gas exchange |
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stomata |
openings on underside of leaf |
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tendrils |
long thin leaves that cling to other plants or structures |
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Sclerids |
boxy, irregular shaped cells with thick, lignified secondary walls |
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What are the different tissue systems and their function? |
Ground Tissue- storage/photosynthesis/support Vascular Tissue- transport of water/mineral/support Dermal Tissues- protection |
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Description/ Function of the different ground tissue types |
Parenchyma- living cells with thin flexible walls >storage/photosynthesis Collenchyma-elongated cells with second cell wall >support Sclerenchyma cells- thick >support |
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Description/ Function of different dermal tissue components |
Epidermis-single layer of tightly packed cells comprising the outermost tissue layer in non-woody plants Cuticle- a waxy coating on surface of stems/leaves Periderm- protective coat that replaces epidermis in woody plants Trichomes- small hair/outgrowth of epidermis(protection) |
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Cells and Tissues that make up the vascular tissue system |
Xylem (trachieds/vessel elements) Phloem (sieve tube elements/ companion cells) |
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Whether the vascular cell types are dead/alive at maturity |
Dead: xylem (tracheids/vessel elements) Alive: phloem (sieve tube elements/companion cells) |
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Meristematic tissue and what they produce |
Apical Meristem- protoderm (epidermis) ground meristem(ground tissue) procambium(primary xylem/phloem) (primary growth- length) Lateral Meristem- vascular cambium( secondary phloem/xylem) cork cambium (peridermis-tougher than epidermis) (secondary growth -thickness) |
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Where do the lateral roots develop from? |
meristematic cells of the pericycle |
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Different root types |
Buttress roots Storage roots Prop roots Pneumatophores Ariel roots Haustorial roots Propagative roots |
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Different buds in plant shoots and what they develop into |
Apical bud- leaves Axillary bud- branches, thorns, flowers |
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Difference between monocot/ dicot stem (inside to outside) |
Monocot- Ground tissue/ vascular bundles/cortex/epidermis dicot- Pith/ vascular bundles/cortex/epidermis Difference: the inner most part of the stem has ground tissue in monocot and pith in dicot |
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Different types of modified stems |
Heartwood Sapwood Stolons Rhizomes Tubers Cladophylls |
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Different layers of a leaf and fxn of each layer |
Upper/ Lower Epidermis- stomata/ guard cells/cuticle Mesophyll- middle of a leaf Palisade layer- photosynthesis Spongy layer- gas exhchange |
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Different types of modified leaves |
Needles Tendrils Spines Storage Leaves Succulent Leaves |
