Chapter 35

Front 1

Deuterostomes

Back 1

Any member of the phyla (Chordata,

Hemichordata, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha) in which the anus appears first,developing at or

near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate, and the mesoderm and coelom

form from outgrowths of the primitive gut.

Front 2

Vertebrates

Back 2

An animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Front 3

Invertebrates

Back 3

An animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial division of the animal kingdom.

Front 4

Radial symmetry

Back 4

Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

Front 5

Water vascular system

Back 5

-a series of branching fluid-filled tubes and chambers
-specialized hydrostatic skeleton
-use "tube feet"
-part of echinoderm body plan

Front 6

Tube feet

Back 6

Elongated, fluid-filled appendages that contribute to the water vascular system.

Front 7

Podium

Back 7

a foot.

Front 8

Echinodermata/Echinoderms

Back 8

Echinoderms are a phylum of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies"

ih-kahy-nuh-durm

Front 9

Asteroidea

Back 9

Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.

as-tuh-roi-dee-uh

Front 10

Pharyngeal gill slits

Back 10

openings in throat.

Front 11

Notochord

Back 11

Stiff, supportive, but flexible rod that runs length of body.

Function:

Front 12

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Back 12

-runs length of body
-projections from neurons

Front 13

Cephalochordata

Back 13

-fish-like animals (body, movement)
-suspension feeding, burrowing in sand
-dorsal hollow nerve cord parallel to notochord.

Ex: lancelets, amphioxus

Front 14

Urochordata

Back 14

-pharyngeal gill slits for feeding and gas exchange
-dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, and tail used in swimming movement
-larva are dispersal stage in life cycle.

Ex: tunicates, sea squirts

Front 15

Vertebra

Back 15

cartilaginous or bony structures.

Front 16

Cranium

Back 16

The skull, especially the part enclosing the brain.

Front 17

Forebrain

Back 17

In vertebrates, the region of the brain housing sense of smell.

Front 18

Midbrain

Back 18

In vertebrates, the region of the brain associated with vision.

Front 19

Hindbrain

Back 19

In vertebrates,the region of the brain associated with balance and hearing.

Front 20

Cerebrum

Back 20

The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Front 21

Cerebellum

Back 21

The part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.

Front 22

Medulla oblongata

Back 22

This section of the brain helps transfer messages to the spinal cord and the thalamus in the brain from the body and controls breathing, heart function, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. Sensory and motor neurons from the forebrain and midbrain travel through the medulla.

Front 23

Cartilage

Back 23

A firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue

of a translucent, whitish or yellowish color; gristle.

Front 24

Bone

Back 24

The hard connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of a collagen-rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals.

Front 25

Endoskeleton

Back 25

The internal skeleton or framework of the body

of an animal

Front 26

Exoskeleton

Back 26

An external covering or integument, especially

when hard, as the shellsof crustaceans

Front 27

Jaws

Back 27

Either of two bones, the mandible or maxilla, forming the framework of the mouth.

Front 28

Gnathostomes

Back 28

Gnathostomata are the jawed vertebrates.

Front 29

Tetrapods

Back 29

A four-footed animal, especially a member of a group that includes all vertebrates higher than fishes.

Front 30

Amniotic egg

Back 30

The type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside anamnion.

Front 31

Albumen

Back 31

Provides water and mechanical support

Front 32

Gill arches

Back 32

-curved regions of tissues between the gills
-natural selection favored regulatory genes of stiffer ones, and increased size of anterior arch
-derived from specialized neural crest cells.

Front 33

Gills

Back 33

The paired respiratory organ of fishes and some amphibians, by which oxygen is extracted from water flowing over surfaces within or attached to the walls of the pharynx.

Front 34

Somites

Back 34

Each of a number of body segments containing the same internal structures, clearly visible in invertebrates such as earthworms but also present in the embryonic stages of vertebrates.

Front 35

Neural crest cells

Back 35

Are a transient, multipotent, migratory cell population unique to vertebrates that gives rise to a diverse cell lineage.

Front 36

Protrusible jaw

Back 36

In fish, a structural arrangement of the jaws that enables the animal to protrude (extend) or withdraw the mouth at will. When fully protruded, the cavity of the mouth is enlarged to form a funnel-like space facilitating the uptake of food.

Front 37

Pharyngeal jaw

Back 37

secondary specialized jaw consisting of modified gill arches

Front 38

Ectothermy

Back 38

Body temperature is controlled by an organisms surroundings.

Front 39

Endothermy

Back 39

Physiological generation and regulation of body temperature by metabolic means : the property or state of being warm-blooded.