Chapter 34 Vocabulary Life 103

Front 1

Vertabrate

Back 1

A chordate animal with a backbone the mammal, reptile (inc. birds) amphibians, sharks and rays, finned fishes and lobe-fin

Front 2

Notochord

Back 2

longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the dorsal axis of an animals body in the future position of the vertebral column

Front 3

Pharyngeal Cleft

Back 3

in chordate embryos,grooves that separate a series of pouches along the sides of the pharynx and many develop into pharyngeal slits

Front 4

Pharyngeal Slits

Back 4

in chordate embryos, slits that form from the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates

Front 5

Tunicates

Back 5

Members of the subphylum Urochordate sessile marine chordates that lack a backbone

Front 6

Lancelets

Back 6

Members of the subphylum Ceohalochordata, smal blade-shaped marine chordates that lack a backbone

Front 7

Neural Crest

Back 7

A band of cells along the boarder where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm. the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigments cells in the skin and bone of the skull, the teeth the adrenal glands, and parts of the peripheral nervous system

Front 8

Conodonts

Back 8

An early soft bodied vertebrate with prominent eyes and dental elements.

Front 9

Placeoderms

Back 9

Member of the extinct class of fish like vertebrates that had jaws and were enclosed in a tough, outer armor

Front 10

Acanthodians

Back 10

any of a group of ancient jawed fish from the Devonian period

Front 11

Lateral Line System

Back 11

a mechanoreceptor system that consists of a series of pores amd receptors units (neuromasts) along the sides of the body in fishes and aquatic amphibians, detects water movements made by the animal itself and by other moving objects

Front 12

Oviparous

Back 12

referring to a type of development in which the young hatch in eggs outside the mothers body.

Front 13

Ovoviviparous

Back 13

referring to a type of development in which the young hatch in eggs that are retained in the mothers uterus

Front 14

Viviparous

Back 14

referring to a type of development in which the young are born alive after having been nourished in the uterus by blood from the placenta

Front 15

Cloaca

Back 15

A common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts found in many non-mammalian vertebrates but in few mammals

Front 16

Operculum

Back 16

in aquatic osteichthyans, a protective bony flap that covers and protects the gills

Front 17

Swim Bladder

Back 17

in aquatic osteichthyans, an air sac that enables the animal to control its buoyancy in the water

Front 18

Ray-finned Fishes

Back 18

Member of the class Actinoptergii, aquatic osteichthyans with fins supported by long flexible rays, including tuna, bass and herring

Front 19

Lobe-fin

Back 19

Members of the vertebrate subgroup Sarcopterygii, osteichthyans with rod shaped muscular fins, inc. coelacan this and lung fishes as well as the linage that gave rise to tetrapods

Front 20

Tetrapods

Back 20

a vertebrae with two pairs of limbs including mammals, amphibians and birds and other reptiles.

Front 21

Amphibians

Back 21

Member of the tetrapod class Amphibia, including salamanders, frogs and caecilians

Front 22

Amniotes

Back 22

Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protects tje embryo, including mammals and birds and other reptiles

Front 23

Extraembryonic Membranes

Back 23

Four membranes that support the developing embryo in mammals and birds and other reptiles.

Front 24

Ectothermic

Back 24

referring to organisms that do not produce enough metabolic heat to have much effect on the body temperature.

Front 25

Endothermic

Back 25

referring to organism with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. this heat is usually used to maintain a relative stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment

Front 26

Parareptiles

Back 26

First major group of reptiles to emerge, stocky quadrupedal herbavoirs; died out in late Triassic period

Front 27

Diapsids

Back 27

member of the amniote clade distinguished by a pair of holes in each side of the skull, including the lepidosaurs and archosaurs

Front 28

Leidosaurs

Back 28

Member of the reptilian group that includes lizards, snakes and two species of New Zealand animals called tuataras

Front 29

Archosaurs

Back 29

Member of the reptilian group that includes crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs and birds.

Front 30

Pterosaurs

Back 30

winged reptile that lived during the time of the dinosaurs

Front 31

Dinosaur

Back 31

Member of an extremely diverse group of ancient reptiles varying in body shape, size and habitat

Front 32

Theropods

Back 32

A member of an ancient group of dinosaurs that were bipedial carnivores

Front 33

Ratites

Back 33

Member of a group of flightless birds

Front 34

Mammals

Back 34

Member of the class mamalia amniotes with mammary glands that produce milk

Front 35

Monotremes

Back 35

An egg laying mammal, represented by the platypus and echidna

Front 36

Marsupials

Back 36

A mammal such as a koala, kangaroo or opossum whose young complete their embryonic development inside a maternal pouch called the marsupium

Front 37

Placenta

Back 37

A structure in the pregnant uterus for nourishing the fetus with the mothers blood supply; formed from the uterine lining and embryonic membranes

Front 38

Opposable Thumbs

Back 38

An arrangement of the fingers such that the thumb can touch the ventral surface of the fingertips of all four fingers

Front 39

Anthropods

Back 39

A member of the primate group made up of apes, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and monkeys and humans

Front 40

hominoids

Back 40

A term that refers to great apes and humans

Front 41

Paleoanthropology

Back 41

the study of human orgins and development

Front 42

Hominids

Back 42

A species on the human branch of the evolutionary tree; a member of the family hominidea, including homo sapiens and our ancestors

Front 43

Mosic evolution

Back 43

The evolution of different features of organisms at different rates