Chapter 33 Studyguide

Front 1

List the characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinquish it from the other animal phyla.

Back 1

Diploblastic; radially symmetrical; gastrovascular cavity

Front 2

Describe the specialized cells that are found in Cnidarians.l

Back 2

Cnidocyte cells that function in defense and prey capture.

Front 3

Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles

Back 3

Polyp stage is asexual and medusa is sexual, these stages are alternate, one producing the other.

Front 4

List four classes of Cnidarian and distingusih among them based on life cycle and morphological characteristics

Back 4

Hydrozoa-Both poly and medusa stage.
Scyphozoa- Polyp stage absent
Cubozoa- medusa
Anthozoa- medusa stage completly absent

Front 5

List the characteristics of the Phylum platyhelminthes that distinguish it from the other animal phlya

Back 5

Dorsoventrally flattened
unsegmented acoelomates
gastrovascular cavity or no digestive tract

Front 6

Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria

Back 6

(flatworms) Most marine; some freshwater; a few terrestrial; predators and scavengers; body surface ciliated.

Front 7

Platyhelminthes
Trematoda

Back 7

(flukes) parasites, mostly of vertabrates; two suckers attached to host; most life cyles include intermediate and final hosts.

Front 8

Platyhelminthes
Cestoda

Back 8

(tapeworms) Parasites of vertabrates; scolex attaches to host; proglottids produce eggs and break off after fertilization; no head or digestive system; life cycles with one or more intermediate hosts.

Front 9

List the characteristics that distinguish the phylum Mollusca from the other animal phyla.

Back 9

Coelomates with three main body parts( mascular foot, visceral mass, mantle); coelom reuced; most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate

Front 10

Mollusca
Polyplacophora

Back 10

(chitions) Marine; with eight plates; foot used for locomotion; radula; no head

Front 11

Mollusca
Gastropoda

Back 11

(snails, slugs) Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial; head present; a symmetrical body, usually coiled shell; shell reduced or absent; foot for locomotion; radula

Front 12

Mollusca
Bivalvia

Back 12

(clams, mussels, scallops, oysters) Marine and freshwater; flattened shell with two valves; head reduced; paired gills; no radula; most are suspension feeders; mantle forms siphons

Front 13

Mollusca
Cephalopoda

Back 13

(squids, octopuses) Marine; head surrounded by grasping tentacles, usually with suckers; shell external, internal, or absent; mouth with or without radula; locomotion by jet propulsion using siphon formed from foot

Front 14

List the characteristics that distinguish the phylum annelida from other animal phyla

Back 14

Coelomates with segmented body wall and internal organs(exept digestive tract, which is unsegmented)

Front 15

Annelida
Oligochaeta

Back 15

(freshwater, marine, and terrestrial segmented worms) Head reduced;no parapodia, but chaetae present

Front 16

Annelida
Polychaeta

Back 16

(mostly marine segmented worms) Have a well-developed head; each segment usually has parapodia with many chaetae; free living

Front 17

Annelida
Hirudinea

Back 17

(leeches) Body usually flattened, with reduced coelom and segmentation; chaetae usually absent; suckers at anterior and posterior ends; parasites, predators, and scavengers

Front 18

List the characteristics of of the phylum Nematoda that distinguish them from the other wormlike animals.

Back 18

Cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system; undergo ecdysis

Front 19

List the characteristics of anthropods that distinguish them from the other animal phyla

Back 19

Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, and exoskeleton made of protein and chitin

Front 20

List three feature that account for the success of anthropoda

Back 20

Segmented bodies
hard exoskeleton
jointed appendages

Front 21

Describe advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton.

Back 21

The rigid exoskeleton protects the animal and provides points of attachment for the muscles that move the appendages
When organism grows out of shell and undergoes molting process making it vulnerable to predation while its soft ecoskeleton hardens

Front 22

Arthropod
Cheliceriformes

Back 22

(horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions) Body having one or two main parts; six pairs of appendages (chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs); mostly terrestrial or marine

Front 23

Arthropod
Myriapoda

Back 23

(millipedes and centipedes) distinct head bearing antennae and chewing mouthparts

Front 24

Arthropod
Hexapoda

Back 24

(insects, springtails) Body divided into head, thorax, and abdomen; antennae present; mouthparts modified for chewing, sucking, lapping; three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings; mostly terrestrial

Front 25

Arthropod
Crusctacea

Back 25

(crabs, lobsters, crayfish. shrimp) Body of two or three parts; antennae present; chewing mouthparts; three or more pairs of legs; mostly marine and freshwater.

Front 26

Describe three specialized features of spiders

Back 26

1) Use fanglike chelicerae, which are equipped with posion glands, to attack prey
2) book lungs enhance echange of O2 and CO2
3) Web produced from liquid protein

Front 27

Describe two features that may account for the great diversity of insects.

Back 27

1) Flight
2) evolutionary expansion of flowering plants

Front 28

List the characteristics of echinoderms that distinguish them from other animal phyla

Back 28

Coelomates with bilaterally symmetrical larvae and five-part body orginization as adults; unique water vascular system, endoskeleton

Front 29

Enchinoderm
Asteroidea

Back 29

Sea star

Front 30

Enchinoderm
Ophiuroidea

Back 30

Brittle stars

Front 31

Enchinoderm
Echinoidea

Back 31

sea urchins, sand dollars

Front 32

Enchinoderm
Crinoidea

Back 32

Sea lilies, feather stars

Front 33

Enchinoderm
Holothuroidea

Back 33

Sea cucumbers