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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Class Scyphozoa
"jelly fish" |
-Medusa is dominant generation
-Know life cycle of "moon Jelly Fish" genus **Aurelia |
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Jelly fish
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Medusa sexual form
(Diecious-seperated sex) |
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Most coastal scyphozoans
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go through a small polyp stage during their life cycle
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Pelagic
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scyphozoans that live in the open ocean generally lack the polyp stage completely.
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Cassiopeia
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Upside Down Jellyfish
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Arctic Jellyfish or Lion's mane or Sea Blubber
(6' wide, huge) |
Genus and species ****
Cyanea capillata arctica |
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Life cycle of Aurelia
(Class Scyphozoa, Phylum Cnidaria) |
-Female and Male external fertilization
1) Planula (ciliated Larva) attaches " Scyphistoma" 2) Scyphistoma undergo transverse fission to become " Strobila" 3) Strobila undergo Strobilation to be Ephyra(immature medusa) 4) Ephyra is grown up to be Jelly fish (Adult medusa) |
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Planula
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ciliated Larva form in life cycle of jellyfish
(class Scyphozoa) |
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Scyphistoma
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name of polyp form in life cycle of jellyfish
(class Scyphozoa) |
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Ephyra
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Immature medusa form in life cycle of jellyfish
(class Scyphozoa) |
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Class Cubozoa
(phylum Cnidaria) |
"Box jelly fish"
-have a box–shaped medusa stage -are often equipped with highly toxic cnidocytes |
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** Chironex fleckeri
(class Cubazoa) |
"The sea wasp"
- one of the deadliest organisms on Earth -highly vernomons (poison) |
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Class Anthozoa
(phylum Cnidaria) |
-Sea anemones and corals
-* No Medusa stage ;exist only polyp -live as solitary or colonial forms and secrete a hard external skeleton(coral) of calcium carbonate. |
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Hermatypic
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Reef building corals
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Phylum Ctenophora
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" Comb Jelly" Or Sea Walnut
-Exclusive marine -** Diploblastic radiata ( has two germ layer & radiate from the center) -* only one species that has stinging cell |
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Comb Jelly' Structures
(Phylum Cnetophora) |
1) * 8 comb rows
(fused cilia-for locomotion) 2) retractable tentacles 3) Bioluminescent(light) 4) Colloblasts (sticky stucture) |
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Colloblasts
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-adhering structure of comb jelly (Phylum Cnetophora)
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Example of Phylum Cnetophora
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** " Venus Girdle"
genus Cestum *** |
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Are Phylum Platylhelminthes and Phylum Nematoda are Protostome or Deuterostome
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Protostome
Note: -Phylum Platyhelminthes are in Class Lophotrochozoa -Phylum Nematoda is in Class Ecdyzoa |
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Deuterostome
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only Phylum Echinodermata and Chordata are Deuterstome
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
(Note: Plat=flat, helminth=worm) |
-" Flatworms"
-Acoelomates (No Coelom) -It is Protosome coz it's in clade Lophotrochozoa -* do have distinct organs, organ system ** true muscles (note: Phylum Cnidaria has no true muscle) - Has gastrovascular cavity (GVC)/ Incomplete Digestive System -Over 20,000 + sp. |
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3 Main Characteristic of Phylum Platyhelminthes
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1) Bilateral Symmetry
2) Moderate Cephalization (concentration of sensory structure on the head) 3) Triploblastic (3 germ layers:ecto,meso,endo) |
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An example of Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Planaria genus ** Dugesia
has 3 major structures 1)Eye spot called " Ocellus" (photo receptive) 2)Olfactory receptors called "Auricle" 3) Brain part called "Cerebral ganglion" |
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GVC
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Gastrovascular Cavity
or Incomplete Digestive System -** having only one opening (Mouth or Anus) Note:Complete Digestive System ->Having mouth and Anus |
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Class Turbellaria
(phylum Platyhelminthes) |
" Planarians" genus**Dugesia
-Mostly marine, free living(not parasitic) |
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Anatomy of Planarian
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1) Ganglia- version of brain
2)A pair of Cerabral ganglia& a pair of Ventral nerve cord 3)GVC- very fine branching GVC to distribute nutrient over body |
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Class Tubellaria (cont.)
(Phylum Platyhelminthes) |
-Gas exchange by diffusion
(**No organ for respiration) -Get rid of excess water (Osmoregulation) by **** "Flame cell Excretory system (Protoneplaridia) " -give off Nitrogenous waste to Ammonia, and Ammonia to toxic |
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Nitrogenous waste
(Class Turbellaria) |
-Diffuse directly from cell to water coz. they have no secrete organ
-become Ammonia, but Planaria dont want to poison itself or dilute ,so it produces "Ammonia Toxic Dilute" |
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Terrestrial (non-toxic)
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-preserve water
-> Urea acid->urea |
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Locomotion in Planarians
take place because they have these two structures |
1) Cilia
2) Muscular Undulations |
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Planarians can also regenerate too
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- Regeneration depends on
"Polarity" -> The further away from ganglion, the less likely we are going to get a whole new planaria |
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Class Turbellria (cont.2)
(Phylum Platyhelminthes) |
-Planarians also have
" simple learning" -Asexual reproduction -Sexual reproduction by cross fertilization (Hermaphrodite) |
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Asexual reproduction of Planarians is called
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" Mid Body Construction"
and pull apart to get a new planaria |
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Class Trematoda
(Phylum Platyhelminthes) |
" Digenetic Flukes"
(has two or more hosts) -*Exclusively parasitic Ex. 1)Sheep Liver Fluke 2)Human Liver Fluke 3)Blood Fluke |
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Type of host
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1) Definitive Host
or Primary Host 2) Intermediate Host or Secondary Host |
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"Defenitive Host"
or primary host |
where animal undergoes sexual reproduction
(Mature Parasite found here) Ex. Liver's Sheep called "Liver Rot" |
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"Intermediate host"
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where larva form and asexual reproduction
Ex. snail |
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"Sheep Liver Fluke"
(tell genus and species) |
** Fasciola hepatica
(hepatic=liver) |
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"Human Liver Fluke"
or Chinese Liver Fluke (tell genus and species) |
** Clonorchis sinensis
(got from the ingestion of raw fish) |
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" Blood Fluke"
(genus and Species) |
***Schistosoma mansoni
(infected about 2 millions ppl worldwide) |
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Class Monogenea
( Phylum Platyhelminthes) |
-" Monogenetic Flukes"
(one host) -*Exclusively parasitic -Many are Ectoparasitic on fishes -some are Endoparasitic |
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Example of Class Monogenea
(Ectoparasitic) |
Genus** Gyrodactylus
got wild attachment organ called "Opisthaptor" (large&small hook) |
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Example of class Monogenea
(Endoparasitic) |
Found in Toads
Genus ** Polystoma |
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Class Cestoda (Cestoidea)
(phylum Platyhelminthes) |
-"Tapeworms"
1)attachment organ(scolex) 2)Neck 3)Proglottids (Hermophroditic, monoecious) **lack a gastrovascular cavity, no digestive system |
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attachment organ which is armed with suckers and often hooks that lock the worm to the intestinal lining of the host
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scolex
( found in Tapeworms) |
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A long ribbon of units (posterior to the scolex) is called
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proglottids
(reproductive segment) -> are little more than sacs of sex organs. "Mature proglottids" or "Gravid proglottids", loaded with thousands of eggs(ova), are released from the posterior end of a mature tapeworm and leave the host′s body in feces |
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Example of class Cestoda
(Tapeworms) ,phylum Platyhelminthes |
1)**genus Human tapeworm
(30-40'long) 2)Dog and cat Tapeworm |
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"Dog and Cat tapeworm"
Genus and Species *** |
**Taenia pisiformis
-> Intermediate host**=Flea (Flea will ingest eggs inside the tapeworms,then they will hatch. But if we get rid of flea, the cycle of life will be cut off.) |
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Phylum Nematoda
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"Round worms"
-over 90,000+ sp. free living & parasitic (*many are Argicultural pest) -**Pseudocoelomates (false body cavity) -**Clade Ecdysozoa (collagenous cuticle) -complete digestive tract (has mouth and anus) |
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Collagenous cuticle
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A tough coat that covers the body of phylum nematoda
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Phylum Nematoda(cont.1)
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-Unsegmented, tapered ends
-" whipping movement" -having *longitudinal muscles but has no circular muscles -"Eutely" |
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Sexuality of phylum Nematoda
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-Dioecious(seperated sex)
-"Sexually Dimorphic"-> male and female look diff. Ex. Genus *Ascaris Female:robust,longer Male:shorter,slender, and has hook tail -Strictly sexual reproduction -Female can produce 100,000 eggs a day(resistant eggs) |
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In Phylum Nematoda, Having a constant number of cells or nuclei in adult species is called
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"Eutely"
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Example of Phylum Nematoda
" Vinegar Eel " (free living forms) Genus and Species |
** Turbatrix Aceti
(Aceti= Acetic-> vinegar) |
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"Human roundworm"
Genus and species |
**Ascaris lumbricoide
(Parasitic Nematodes (1)) -eggs found in Intestine -Larvae can travel in circulatory system: lung |
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What is " Trichinosis" disease caused by?
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Under cooked pork
(Encyst in skeletal muscles) |
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Which Parasitic Nematode is caused Trichosis disease?
( tell genus and Species) |
Trichinella spiralis
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Which Parasitic nematode is called "Human Pinworm"?
(Give Genus and Species) |
Enterobious vermicularis
( found in kids who scatch his butt-> spread eggs to others via touching) |
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Which Parasitic nematode is called "Hook worm"?
(Give Genus and Species) |
Necator americanus
(larvae can penetrate/ get into skin).In the oral cavity , it has **Cutting plates used for cutting into intestine and suck blood. |
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Which Parasitic nematode is called "African Eyeworm"?
(Give Genus and Species) |
Loa loa
( has subcontanous layer) |
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Which Parasitic nematode is called "Fiery Serpent" or
"Guninea worm" or "African worm"? (Give Genus and Species) |
Dracunculus medinensis
( found in west Afr.) |
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Which Parasitic nematode is called "Filaroid"
or "Filarial worm"? (Give Genus and Species) |
Wuchereria bancrofti
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What disease that is caused by Filarial worm or Wuchereria bancrofti?
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" Elephantiasis"
1)biting by insect(mosquito). 2)it forms first stage larvae known as "microfilariae"(immature) 3)Larvae moves to Lymphatic system 4)cause "Edema" (Swelling due to an abnormally large amount of fluid in body tissues) |
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What is Elephantiasis disease
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-characterized by the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, especially in the legs and genitals
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