Chapter 31 The Civil Rights Movement

Front 1

Nonviolent Resistance

Back 1

Protest strategy that calls for peaceful demonstrations and the rejection of violence.

Front 2

Sit-Ins

Back 2

Demonstrations in which protesters sit down in a location and refuse to leave.

Front 3

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Back 3

Alliance of church-based African American organizations formed in 1957 and dedicated to ending discrimination.

Front 4

Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 4

Man who led the new organization of Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Front 5

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Back 5

Student organization formed in 1960 to coordinate civil rights demonstrations and to provide training for protesters.

Front 6

Congress of Racial Equality

Back 6

Northern-based civil rights group that organized nonviolent protests.

Front 7

Freedom Riders

Back 7

A group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation.

Front 8

T. Eugene Connor

Back 8

Birmingham's city commissioner of public safety, who blamed the Freedom Riders for the violence.

Front 9

Diane Nash

Back 9

SNCC leader who refused to comply with the President's request.

Front 10

James Meredith

Back 10

An African American applicant, the University of Mississippi was required to admit.

Front 11

Medgar Evers

Back 11

Myrle Ever's husband, who was the NAACP field secretary, who was killed by a white assassin.

Front 12

Laurie Pritchett

Back 12

Police Chief in Albany, Georgia, where civil rights organizations held a number of nonviolent protests in 1961.

Front 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 13

Law banning racial discrimination in the use of public facilities and in employment practices.

Front 14

Robert Moses

Back 14

SNCC member who selected McComb, Mississippi, to carry out their plans of demonstration.

Front 15

Council of Federated Organizations

Back 15

Group created by several civil rights organizations to coordinate voter registration drives in the 1960s.

Front 16

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Back 16

Constitutional amendment that banned the payment of poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections.

Front 17

Freedom Summer

Back 17

Campaign to register African American voters in Mississippi during the summer of 1964.

Front 18

Andrew Goodman

Back 18

A college student from New York, who arrived at Mississippi on June 20.

Front 19

James Chaney

Back 19

CORE worker who disappeared, his body was found six weeks later, buried in an earthen dam.

Front 20

Michael Schwerner

Back 20

CORE worker who disappeared, his body was found six weeks later, buried in an earthen dam.

Front 21

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Back 21

Group that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi.

Front 22

Fannie Lou Hamer

Back 22

An African American who had lost her job and her house when she registered to vote in 1962.

Front 23

Voting Rights Act

Back 23

Law that put voter registration under federal government control.

Front 24

James Farmer

Back 24

CORE director, organization's first leader, serving as the national chairman from 1942 to 1944.

Front 25

Nation of Islam

Back 25

Black Muslims; black nationalist religious group founded by Wallace D. Fard in 1930.

Front 26

Elijah Muhammad

Back 26

The Black Muslims leader, when the Nation of Islam claimed some 8,000 members.

Front 27

Malcolm X

Back 27

A charismatic young minister for the Nation of Islam.

Front 28

Stokely Carmichael

Back 28

Leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party.

Front 29

Black Power

Back 29

Black separatist movement that grew out of frustration with the slow pace of the civil rights movement.

Front 30

Bobby Seale

Back 30

Worked with Huey Newton at an antipoverty center in Oakland, California.

Front 31

Huey Newton

Back 31

Worked with Bobby Seale at an antipoverty center in Oakland, California.

Front 32

Black Panther Party

Back 32

Political organization formed in the 1960s that called for empowerment of and defense for African Americans.

Front 33

Kerner Commission

Back 33

Federal commission that investigated the 1960s riots and blamed them on white racism.

Front 34

Poor People's Campaign

Back 34

Martin Luther King Jr.'s proposed movement to protest the believed misuse of government spending away from antipoverty programs.

Front 35

Busing

Back 35

Sending children to schools outside of their neighborhoods, to integrate schools.

Front 36

Affirmative Action

Back 36

Programs to compensate for previous discrimination.

Front 37

Quotas

Back 37

System reserved a fixed number of openings for certain groups of people.

Front 38

Ralph Abernathy

Back 38

A leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, a minister.

Front 39

University of California V. Bakke

Back 39

Supreme Court decision that established that while some forms of affirmative action were legal quota systems were not.

Front 40

Allan Bakke

Back 40

Had been unfairly denied admission to medical school on the basis of quotas.

Front 41

Carl Stokes

Back 41

Elected mayor of Cleveland, first African American to be elected mayor of a major U.S. city.

Front 42

National Black Political Convention

Back 42

Meeting of civil rights activists to ensure that African Americans would continue to gain political influence.