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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medical Emergency
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condition or circumstance requiring immediate attention for someone that is injured or suddenly becomes ill
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one of most important ways to prevent medical emergency
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know your patient
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Who is responsible for paitent updating medical history when patient enters office
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business assistant
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Most medical emergencies in dental office are caused by
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stress of ones daily life & apprehension of going to dentist
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Who is responsible for patient safety while in dental office?
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dentist
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who's responsible for providing emergency care til more qualified personell arrive
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dentist & staff members
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Emergency First Aid Protocol must
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be established & routinely practiced
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Successful Management of med emergencies
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require preparedness, prompt recognition & effective treatment
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Ongoing Observation
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important part of emergency preparedness
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To prevent stresses and complications
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every staff member should know & practice their role
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Front desk staff
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call emergency services 911, stay on line til help arrives
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Clinical assistant or hygienist
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retrieve O2& emergency drug kit..prepare for use
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Dentist, clinical assistant or hygienist
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remain w patient to assist with assessment & basic life support
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Additional dental team
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respond to needs of other patients
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what should be created in dental office monthly
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mock emergency
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Emergency telephone numbers
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posted next to each telephone in office
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Maintain current
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telephone list
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EMS
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emergency medical service
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Emergency list should include
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EMS personnel, local police, firefighters
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most places all 3 services can be reach by
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911
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2 important factors to preparedness
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*know time it takes for EMS to reach dental office
*life support capabilities available on arrival of EMS |
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Professionals able to offer life support needed while waiting for EMS
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list including Hospital, Physicians & Oral Surgeons
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CANNOT be Overemphasized
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ongoing observation of patient in reception, dental chair & when leaving office
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Symptom
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what patient tells you he is feeling, or experiencing...ie 'I feel dizzy"
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Sign
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what you observe in a patient..ie skin colour change or increased rapid breathing
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True/False:
Signs are more reliable than symptoms |
True: because signs are actually observed
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Dental team member must have these credentials
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*ability to assess & record vitals signs
*CPR *Heimlich Maneuver *operate a deffibulator |
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Basic Life Support
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*recognize emergency
*activate EMS *early hi performance of CPR *rapid defibrillation |
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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emergency when patient is NOT breathing & heart is NOT beating
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A-B-C--airway --breathing--chest compressions CHANGED TO
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C-A-B--chest compressions--airway--breathing
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CPR Compressions to Ventilation Ratio
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30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
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Cells of the brain irreversibly damaged after
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4-6 minutes without oxygen
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Choking
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sudden spasm or movement from accidental aspiration
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Severity of Choking depends on
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*how tightly item is lodged
*how much airway is blocked |
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3 most preventive ways of preventing airway obstruction
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*high velocity suction
*dental dam *palcement of throat pack |
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Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) 80-90% of cases
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abnormal chaotic heart rhythm preventing heart from pumping
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True/False:
If defibrillation is started within first 5 mins of cardiac arrest, chance of survival is 50% |
True: sooner defibrillation begins, greater survival chance for victim
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True/False:
Chance os survival is reduced by 7-10% for each minute passed |
True: after 10 mins very little chance of survival
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AED--Automated External Defibrillator
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advanced computer microprocessor assessing patients cardiac rhythm& id's any rhythm for which a shock is indicated
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AED
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*monitors pt heart rhythm
*distinguishes VF analysis *automatically defibrillates if needed |
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Oxygen is the
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most frequently used 'drug' in medical emergency
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ideal resuscitation of an unconscious patient
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100% oxygen
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Oxygen Cylinder is Always Colour Coded
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GREEN
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Oxygen use
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Respiratory Distress--inhaled
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Respiratory Stimulant (ammonia)
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Fainting--inhaled
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Epinephrine use (EpiPen)
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Allergic Reaction--IM,IV,SC
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Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
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Angina--sublingually
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Albuterol (Ventolin)
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Bronchospams w asthma--inhaled
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Diazepam (Valium)
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Seizures--IM,IV
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Glucose (OJ,sugar,icing)
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Hypoglycemia--orally
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Morphine(Astramorph)
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Pain & Anxiety--IM,IV
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Methoxamaine (Vasoxyl)
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Blood Pressure--IM, IV
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Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
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severe allergic reaction--IM, IV
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Atropine (Atropair)
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Bradycardia--IM,IV
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Unconsciousness
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state of unresponsiveness to sensory stimulation
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Altered Consciousness
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patient conscious but acting strangely
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Respiratory Distress
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conscious patient breathing difficultly
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Convulsions
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uncontrolled skeletal muscle contractions
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Chest Pain
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pain in chest of conscious patient
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Most emergencies tend to occur
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during or immediately after local anesthesia is administered
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types of procedure during med emergency most frequent
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*tooth extraction & * endo treatment
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Syncope aka Fainting (Signs&Symptoms)
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*flushed
*nausea *rapid heart rate *sweating *pale skin *lower B.P. |
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Postural Hypertension aka orthostatic hypertension
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level of altered consciousness that may lead to unconsciousness
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Postural Hypertension Signs & Symptoms
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*lower blood pressure
*altered state of consciousness |
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Pregnant Patient dizzy or light headed in supine position
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pressure of enlarged uterus on abdominal veins
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Angina (severe chest pain)
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heart muscle is deprived of adequate oxygen
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Angina Distingtion
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*pain lasts 3-8 minutes
*pain relieved by nitroglycerin *angina specified in chart *patient carries form of nitroglycerin *even if history of angina, pt could still have heart attack |
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Angina Signs & Symptoms
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*tightness sensation in chest
*pain radiates to left shoulder *pain radiates to left side of face, jaw & teeth |
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Acute Myocardial Infraction aka Heart Attack
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muscles of heart are damaged due to insufficient oxygen supply
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Heart Attack Signs & Symptoms
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*chest pain
*pain in left arm,jaw, & teeth *shortness of breath *nausea & vomiting *pressure, aching burning felling of indigestion *weakness |
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Cerebrovascular Accident aka Stroke
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interruption of blood flow to brain
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Stroke Sign & Symptoms
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*paralysis
*speech problems *vision problems *possible seizure *difficulty swallowing *headache & unconsciousness |
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Hyperventilation (from stress&anxiety)
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increase in frequency or depth (or both) of respiration....intake too much oxygen
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Hyperventilation Signs & Symptoms
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*rapid shallow breathing
*lightheaded *tightness in chest *rapid heartbeat *lump in throat & panic stricken |
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Asthma
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pulmonary disorder characterized by attacks of sudden onset ...airway narrows...difficult breathing,coughing,wheezing sound
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Patients with Asthma usually carry
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an Inhaler containing medication (bronchodilator) to relieve first symptoms of an attack
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Allergy aka
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Hypersensitivity
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Altered state of reactivity that occurs in body tissues in response to specific antigens
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Allergy
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Antigen
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substance that causes an immune response through the production of antibodies
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Antibodies
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immunoglobulins produced by lymphoid tissue in response to a foreign substance
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Allergen
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substance that causes allergy ie pollen
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Particular increasing Dental concern
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allergic reaction to Latex in gloves & dental dams
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Two important factors considered with allergic reaction
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*speed that symptom appears
*severity of reaction |
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True/False;
localized allergic response is usually SLOW to to develop |
True:
mild symptoms usually include, itching, erythema & hives |
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Erythema
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skin redness caused by inflammation or infection
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Anaphylaxsis
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extreme allergic reaction, develops quickly, can be fatal---untreated patient could die within few minutes
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Epilepsy
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neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures....controlled with meds
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Grand Mal Seizure
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*temp loss of consciousness & uncontrollable convulsions, deep relaxation
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4 phases of Grand Mal Seizures (10-30mis duration)
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*warning 'aura' such as peculiar smell
*loss of consciousness--10-20 sec brief muscle rigidity *muscle contractions violent or mild *deep sleep |
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Petit Mal Seizure
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*few seconds brief lapse in consciousness
*patient may stare off or make no movement |
