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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how many gallons of water does the average american use
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150
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how many gallons of waste water and pounds of trash does the american use
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120 gallons of waste water, 5 pounds of trash
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what is damaging in sewage water
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high nutrient content
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why is high nutrient content in water damaging
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leads to rapid growth of microbes
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what happens if the microbes rapidly grow in water
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it depletes O2 resulting in animals death
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what does effective wastewater treatment have to decrease 3 things
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decrease the level of organic compounds, pathogens, and pollutants
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what is biochemical oxygen demand
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the amount of O2 required for the microbes to decomp organic material
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biochemical oxygen demand indicates what when levels are high
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large amount of degradable materialare present
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when bod levels are high, and there is a lot of degradable material, how does that evffect the recieving water
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it means large amounts of O2 could be consumed, killing the animals in the water.
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what does primary treatment remove percents
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50% solids, 25% bod
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what does the primary treatment of water accomplish
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removes large waste like scum
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what does the secondary treatment do
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converts suspended solids into inorganic coumpounds
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what percent bod does the secondary treatment remove
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95
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what does secondary treatment use
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microbes
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what does primary treatment use
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skimmers and filters/screens
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in the secondary treatment, aerobes oxidise organic materials into what
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co2 and h2o
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what is the activated sludge process what does it use
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biofilms
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how does activated sludge system work
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mixes water and aerate, allowing more microbes to break down organic material into co2
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how does the trickling system filter
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an arm constantly roates effluent over a bed of rocks that harbors biofilm. the effluent then trickles down to the next treatment
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how does lagoon work
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wastewater is channeled into a shallow pond
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in a lagoon, how long does the water sit for?
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a month or so
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what happens after the water sits for a month in a lagoon
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algae and cyanobacteria grow prviding oxygen to allow aerobes to degrade organic materials
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what is the constructed wetland system
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similar to lagoon except that wildlife lives there
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advanced treatments include what
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disinfection and anaerobic digestion
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what does disinfection use as advanced treatment
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disinfection uses chlorine, ozone, or UV light
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what does disinfection using chlorine, ozone, or UV light decrease
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to decrease numbers of microbes and viruses
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in anaerobic digestion, what are organic compounds broken down to
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organic acids, co2 h2
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in anaerobic digestion, what are organic acids, co2 and h2 converted into
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acetate, h2 and co2
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what is in anaerobic digestion acetate, co2, and h2 converted into
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methane CH4
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what is the chem name for methan
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ch4
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where do large cities typically obtain their water from
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surface waters
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where do smaller communities get their water from
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groundwater
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water treatment processes are designed to eliminate what 2
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pathogenic microbes, chemicals
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in the water treatment process, water flows where first
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reservoirs
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what happens to water after it is flowed into a reservoir in water treatment process
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particulate matter settles
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where does water go after the reservoir in water treatment processes
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transfered to tank
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what happens after water is transfered to a tank in water treatment
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mixed with chemicals
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what do the chemicals in water treament tank do
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suspended material to coagulate
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why is water filtered in water treatment processes what is removed
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to remove microbes
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what type of microbes are removed during water treatment
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oocytes, bacteria,cysts
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how are organic chemivals removed by water treatment system
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charcoal filtration
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what is used to cause less microbial growth in pipes of water treatment systems
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biofilms on filters
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what do the biofilms on filters do
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use carbon from water
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what does the usage of carbon from water do from biofilms on filters
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less microbial growth on delivery pipes
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what does water treated by chlorine kill
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harmful viruses bacteria or protazoa
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disinfection by products of chlorine may be wahat
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carcinogenic
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what has been used as alternative to chlorine
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uv ozone treatments
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UV ozone treatment still uses a small amount of what
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chlorine
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what consumes free chlorine
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organic compounds
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in waters with high concentration of organic compounds in water treatment centers what is needed more
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chlorine is needed more
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what are tested for in water since it is not feasible to test for all pathogens
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indicator organisms
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where are indicator organisms found in
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feces
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which survives longer intestinal or fecal/indicator organisms
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fecal
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what are the most common type of indicator organisms
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total coliforms
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what family are the total coliforms
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lactose fermenting
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where are indicator organisms found in
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feces
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what is the family name for total coniformis
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Enterobacteriaceae
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which survives longer intestinal or fecal/indicator organisms
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fecal
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what genus is in enterobacteriaceae
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Escherichia coli
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what are the most common type of indicator organisms
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total coliforms
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Enterobacteriacereae are anaerobic or aerobic
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anaerobic
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what family are the total coliforms
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lactose fermenting
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enterobacteriacereae are what type of bacteria
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gram negative
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what is the family name for total coniformis
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Enterobacteriaceae
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enterobacteriaceae are what shape
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rod shape
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what genus is in enterobacteriaceae
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Escherichia coli
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enterobacteriaceae do not form what
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spores
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Enterobacteriacereae are anaerobic or aerobic
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anaerobic
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enterobacteriacereae are what type of bacteria
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gram negative
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enterobacteriaceae are what shape
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rod shape
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enterobacteriaceae do not form what
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spores
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what do enterobacteriaceae ferment
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lactose
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what degree does enterobacteriaceae ferment lactose
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35 degrees celcius
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enterobacteriaceae form what within 48 hours 2
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gas and acid
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what specific total coliforms are commonly fromt the intestines
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fecal coliforms
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what is the most common fecal coniforms
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E. Coli
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