Chapter 3 Vocabulary Ap Human Geography

Front 1

activity spaces

Back 1

The space within which daily activity occurs


Front 2

asylum

Back 2

shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state

Front 3

Chain migration

Back 3

Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there)

Front 4

colonization

Back 4

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land


Front 5

Cyclic movement Movement

Back 5

for example, nomadic migration—that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally


Front 6

distance decay

Back 6

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction


Front 7

explorers

Back 7

A person examining a region that is unknown to them


Front 8

Forced migration

Back 8

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate


Front 9

gravity model

Back 9

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them


Front 10

guest workers

Back 10

Legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term



Front 11

immigration laws

Back 11

Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state


Front 12

immigration waves

Back 12

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination



Front 13

internal migration

Back 13

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States


Front 14

internal refugees

Back 14

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee


Front 15

International migration

Back 15

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries



Front 16

international refugees

Back 16

Refugees who have crossed one or more international boundaries during their dislocation, searching for asylum in a different country



Front 17

intervening opportunity

Back 17

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away


Front 18

islands of development

Back 18

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure



Front 19

kinship links

Back 19

Types of push factors or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success



Front 20

laws of migration

Back 20

Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants


Front 21

migrant labor

Back 21

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances



Front 22

migration

Back 22

A change in residence intended to be permanent. See also chain, forced, internal, international, step, and voluntary migration



Front 23

Military service

Back 23

Another common form of periodic movement involving as many as 10 million United States citizens in a given year, including military personnel and their families, who are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years



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nomadism

Back 24

Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement



Front 25

periodic movement

Back 25

Movement—for example, college attendence or military service—that involves temporary, recurrent relocation


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Pull factors

Back 26

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas


Front 27

Push factors

Back 27

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale



Front 28

quotas

Back 28

Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year



Front 29

refugee

Back 29

People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country


Front 30

remittances

Back 30

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries



Front 31

selective immigration

Back 31

Process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds (i.e. criminal records, poor health, or subversive activities) are barred from immigrating



Front 32

step migration

Back 32

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city



Front 33

transhumance

Back 33

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures


Front 34

Voluntary migration

Back 34

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move