Chapter 3: The Greek Civilization

Front 1

anthropomorphic

Back 1

having human form of attributes

Front 2

olympiad

Back 2

the four year interval between the Olympic games, became a Greek means of dating historical events

Front 3

polis

Back 3

city state

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monarchy

Back 4

rule by one

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oligarchy

Back 5

rule of a few; produced great tension between upper and lower classes

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tyranny

Back 6

rule by force

Front 7

democracy

Back 7

rule by the people

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archon

Back 8

chief magistrate

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anarchy

Back 9

the breakdown of gov't and order

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philosophers

Back 10

lovers of wisdom

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Minoan

Back 11

early Greek civilization on the island of Crete; contributions: plumbing, pottery, carvings

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Mycenaean

Back 12

civilization on the mainland of Greece, borrowed from Minoan culture, military-focused

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Iliad & Odyssey

Back 13

epic poems by Homer

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Homer

Back 14

Greek poet who provided poems that gave glimpses of the early Greek way of life

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Zeus

Back 15

king of gods and man

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Athena

Back 16

goddess of wisdom

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Peloponnesian League

Back 17

oligarchies established by Spartans in their neighboring city-states to thwart the advances of democratic principles

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Solon

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under his reign Athens took a step towards democracy

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Darius I

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Persian king who crushed the revolt and sought to punish Athens for her part in the rebellion

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Xerxes

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son of Darius I, who renewed the struggle of the persians

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Delian League

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the alliance the Greek city-states formed in order to protect themselves from Persian attacks

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Pericles

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the influential leader of Athens

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Peloponnesian War

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431-404 BC Greek civil war (elephant and whale were symbols) Sparta defeated Athens

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Phillip II

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the king that united Macedonia and extended his kingdom into Greece

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Alexander the Great

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son of Philip, taught by Aristotle; conquered the entire eastern world, took his army on an 8 yr march

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Darius III

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the king of Persia at the time of Alexander the Great's march. he ran away during battle

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Thales

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the father of philosophy; believed that water was the original substance of all things

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Socrates

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his motto was "know thyself" he also said "the unexamined life is not worth living"; his method of teaching was to ask the students questions

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Plato

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pupil of Socrates; "true reality lies outside the physical world"

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Aristotle

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plato's student; "reality lies in the physical world"

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Epicurus

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believed that great happiness and pleasure could be achieved through the avoidance of pain and fear

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Zeno

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founder of Stoicism

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Pythagoras

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a philosopher and mathematician of the sixth century BC; believed the universe could be explained in mathematical terms; gave us the pythagorean theorem

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Hippocrates

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the father of medicine; known for Hippocrates' oath; believed that every illness had a natural cause

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Euclid

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the father of Geometry; wrote "Elements"

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Herodotus

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the father of History; wrote his history of the Persian Wars that contains many myths and exaggerations

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Sophocles

Back 37

a writer of tragedy

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Parthenon

Back 38

the most spectacular of all the temples to the Greek gods