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11 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

How does a person monitor his own speech production (2 ways) and how can it be disturbed?

- acoustic feedback (air+tissue conduction)
- kinaesthetic feedback (speech production muscles).
Disturbed through deafness or sound environment (acoustic feedback), local anaesthetics (kinaesthetic feedback).

Give a short explanation on how human speech production works

Give a short explanation on how human speech production works

The lungs = energy source. Air pressed through trachea to glottis = oscillator. Throat, oral and nasal cavities form the airflow with resonances (lips, teeth, tongue etc.).

What happens in glottis during periodic excitation?

Periodic excitation: glottis closed, air pressure from lungs, threshold level reached and glottis opened suddenly, Bernoulli effect closes the glottis and the process start over. Fundamental frequency is formed by opening and closing. Aperiodic excitation: /b/,/g/,/d/, ...

Name three anatomical things affecting the fundamental frequency.
What are typical fundamental frequencies for different people?

Length and mass of vocal folds. Tension of arytenoid cartilages. Pressure generated by the lungs (higher when shouting).
100-125 Hz for men. 200-250 Hz for women. Infants up to 500 Hz.

How can glottis movement be measured?

High-speed camera. Stroboscopic photographing. Impedance measurement at the throat (glottis closed, impedance minimal) = laryngograph.

High-speed camera. Stroboscopic photographing. Impedance measurement at the throat (glottis closed, impedance minimal) = laryngograph.

Name two articulatory things that effect the vowel formation the most.

Position of tongue blade (front, middle, back). Mouth opening (open, semi-open, closed).

Position of tongue blade (front, middle, back). Mouth opening (open, semi-open, closed).

What articulators are adjusted to make different consonants?

Lips, teeth, palate, nasal cavity connected or not, voice or voiceless

Lips, teeth, palate, nasal cavity connected or not, voice or voiceless

Why does /a/ have a large area in formant map?

Why does /a/ have a large area in formant map?

Formant generated deep in the throat, many articulators coming after that affect the sound.

Explain how does von Kempelen machine work.

Explain how does von Kempelen machine work.

A bellows was invoked as a set of lungs to supply the airflow. A reed extracted from a common bagpipe was implemented as the glottis, the source of the raw fundamental sound in the vocal tract. The bell of a clarinet made for a sufficient mouth, despite its rigid form.

Explain the basics of source-filter model of speech production.


What kind of excitation signals does it have?


What the different in formant filter and tube model structures?

..

..

Name some simplification that the simplest models of human speech production have but that are taken into account in the more complex model called line model.

No step function build in. Excitation place always in the lower end of vocal tract. Coupling of signal source and mouth not considered.