Chapter 3 Social Psychology

Front 1

Probably the best account of the origins of selfhood is that the self comes into being at the interface between inner biological processes and _____.

Back 1

the sociocultural network

Front 2

Suppose that you are a research participant in a study, and a researcher asks you to work on a puzzle while sitting in front of a mirror. He also mentions that your performance will be videotaped. Given these two pieces of information, you would be wise to suspect that the researcher is trying to increase

Back 2

self-awareness

Front 3

Social psychologists generally refer to two types of self-awareness. They are

Back 3

public self-awareness and private self-awareness

Front 4

Self-awareness is typically unpleasant because people tend to _____.

Back 4

compare themselves against high standards

Front 5

Research has shown that children are less likely to steal Halloween candy if there is a big mirror in front of them than if there is no mirror. This finding illustrates the fact that

Back 5

high self-awareness tends to increase moral behavior.

Front 6

Social psychologists have found that there is usually a very good match between

Back 6

people's self-concepts and people's perceptions of what others think of them.

Front 7

Introspection refers to the process by which a person

Back 7

examines the contents of his or her mind and mental states.

Front 8

Research has shown that men tend to like cars more when car ads feature sexy women than when they don't. Furthermore, men _____ aware that they like the cars more, _____ aware that the sexy women probably influenced their opinion.

Back 8

are, but are not

Front 9

Jetta wonders how she is doing in her class. At first, she thinks she is doing well because she is getting a “B”. Then she finds out that nearly every other person in the class is getting an “A” and she feels less happy. The theory of_____explains why Jetta feels less happy once she finds out how others are doing in the class, too.

Back 9

social comparison

Front 10

Terra is a really good faculty member. She works hard and gets good evaluations and raises she is happy with from her department chair. She finds out, though, that the other faculty members in her department get better evaluations and higher raises than she does. According to Social Comparison Theory, when Terra compares her evaluations and raises to her peers in her department, she is making a(n)

Back 10

upward social comparison.

Front 11

Sally lives in a middle class neighborhood. It really isn’t anything special, but most of Sally’s friends live in smaller homes in lower class neighborhoods, so Sally thinks of herself as well-off. When Sally compares her home to the homes of her friends, she is making a(n)

Back 11

downward social comparison.

Front 12

Doing an activity for its own sake refers to

Back 12

intrinsic motivation.

Front 13

The overjustification effect occurs when

Back 13

people are extrinsically rewarded for something they intrinsically enjoy doing.

Front 14

The consistency motive is sometimes also called

Back 14

the self-verification motive.

Front 15

Horatio is preparing to take the LSAT. He has been taking practice exams based on actual past LSATs. When practicing, he observes strict time limits and never cheats. He tries to simulate what the actual test-taking experience will be like. This way, he can have a reasonably good sense of what kind of score he will get when he takes the LSAT for real. Horatio is apparently driven by a very strong

Back 15

appraisal motive.

Front 16

Even though she has taken Spanish courses for years and is almost fluent, Ann just enrolled in Spanish I. Why? She loves the feeling of being the smartest person in the room, and loves to get scores of 100%. Ann is apparently driven by a rather strong

Back 16

self-enhancement motive.

Front 17

Vanessa has an important presentation coming up at work, but she fears that she will do a poor job. The week before the presentation, she claims that she is feeling under the weather; she leaves work early almost every day and barely practices her presentation at all. Even though she may not realize what she is doing, Vanessa is setting herself up so that she will have an "excuse" in case the presentation does not go well. Social psychologists refer to this pattern of behavior as

Back 17

self-handicapping.

Front 18

The endowment effect refers to the tendency for people

Back 18

to regard items that they own as more valuable and desirable than they really are.

Front 19

Research suggests that the most effective way to change the self-concept is by

Back 19

changing the social environment.

Front 20

Since about the 1970s, it appears that self-esteem

Back 20

has been increasing (for everyone).

Front 21

Mental tricks that people use to help themselves believe things that are false are called

Back 21

self-deception strategies.

Front 22

The tendency for people to take credit for their successes but blame failures on other people or on outside circumstances is known as

Back 22

the actor-observer effect.

Front 23

Compared to people with low self-esteem, people with high self-esteem tend to

Back 23

think they are smarter and earn better academic grades, but have the same IQ scores

Front 24

When social psychologists use the term "narcissism", they are referring to

Back 24

excessive self-love and a selfish orientation

Front 25

Research on bullies and bullying suggests that most of the perpetrators have high self-esteem, while most of the victims _____ self-esteem.

Back 25

have low