Chapter 3 Psychology- Intelligence, Emotions, Stress And Health

Front 1

What is intelligence?

Back 1

The variable capacity underlying individual differences in reasoning, problem solving and acquring new knowledge.

Front 2

Galton?

Back 2

He was Darwins cousin who tested genes and family lines. He thought there was an inborn biological capacity in humans, and tested by using reaction times and sensory activity

Front 3

Alfred binet?

Back 3

Intelligence= collection of higher-order mental abilities (not perception), it is nurtured
-created IQ test or Binet-Simon test which measures memory, time, vocab, numbers use, etc. showing your "mental age"

Front 4

What were the effects of Binet's research?

Back 4

research on different age groups to find that:
-older kids do better on reasoning and problem solving quesstions than younger kids
-sets up "norms" for the questions averages for given age groups
-that is how we find "mental age", by comparing to the predicted mental age to your actual age.
-limited to adults though because eventually intelligence stabilizes

Front 5

Charles Spearmen?

Back 5

Investigated whether intelligence was one entity and developed "factor analysis" like spatial, reasoning and verbal factors.
-"g" is underlying cluster that shows general intelligence
-"s" specific ability
- "g" is innate while "s" is thought to be learned

Front 6

Raymond Cattell?

Back 6

Cattell was a student of Spearmen's who modified his theory. two general intelligences:
fluid intelligence and crystalized intelligence

Front 7

Fluid intelligence?

Back 7

ability to perceive relationships without previous specific experience
-matrices tests or verbal analogies

Front 8

Crystalized intelligence?

Back 8

mental ability derived from previous experiences
- knowledge based
-word based, use of tools, general life knowledge

Front 9

Stanford-binet Scale

Back 9

Modification of original Binet-Simon test, developed by terman
-argued for innate IQ

Front 10

The Weschler tests

Back 10

Modeled after binet's, also made for adult teststhat include verbal scales and performance scales

Front 11

Verbal scales

Back 11

Information, comprehension, digit span, similarities, vocab, arithmetic

Front 12

Performance scales

Back 12

Object assembly, block design, digit symbol/coding/ animal House, Picture arrangement, Picture concepts, picture completion

Front 13

Standardized scoring

Back 13

All raw scores converted to standardized scores with a normal distribution, etc....

Front 14

What were Gardener's theory of multiple intelligences?

Back 14

"How are you smart" rather than "How smart are you?"; categories include music, inerpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic, bodily/kinesthetic, spatial, logical/mathematical, naturalist

Front 15

Savant syndrome?

Back 15

have islands of brilliance in one specific area where they have great intelligence while in other areas they're impaired

Front 16

the heritability coefficient?

Back 16

the degree that a trait is heritable, people who are closely related to each other should have similiar levels of that trait

Front 17

what happened to adoptive siblings who are unrelated?

Back 17

they have correlated IQ scores as children, but uncorrelated as adults

Front 18

What is the question that we ask in IQ differences between cultural groups?

Back 18

Genes or environment?

Front 19

What happened in the study between women and math?

Back 19

women performed worse on the math test when you remind them of stereotype that women are bad at math test. women also do better when in room just with women

Front 20

Stereotype threat?

Back 20

self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotypes

Front 21

What is the flynn effect?

Back 21

Since 1910 peoples IQs have increased due to travel, information availibility, technology, etc... but not from schooling!

Front 22

What is emotion?

Back 22

Emotion is a combination of physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience

Front 23

What are Descartes 6 passions?

Back 23

wonder, love, hate, desire, joy and sadness

Front 24

What are Eckman's basic emotions?

Back 24

surprise, happiness, anger, fear, disgust and sadness

Front 25

What counted as an emotion to descartes?

Back 25

Be evident in all cultures, contribute to survival, distinct facial expression, evident in nonhuman primates

Front 26

arousal response

Back 26

physiological change that helps prepare the body for "fight or flight"

Front 27

What physiological changes are made in fight or flight?

Back 27

muscles tense, heart rate increases, breating rate increases, release of endorphins, focused attention

Front 28

beneficial arousal-

Back 28

instinctive, well-practiced or physical tasks

Front 29

harmful arousal?

Back 29

novel, creative or careful judgement tasks

Front 30

Oxycotin and trust study?

Back 30

male college students administered oxycotin in a nasal spray or placebo and the ones with oxycotin were more willing to trust in investing money

Front 31

James Lange peripheral feedback?

Back 31

Perception of a stimulus causes bodily arousal which then leads to an emotion

Front 32

Lange study with spinal cord patients?

Back 32

Ask injured vets to recall emotional events before and after injuries and those who have no feeling below the neck report decreased emotinoal intensity

Front 33

What are problems with James Lange's theory?

Back 33

It takes time for physiological changes in body to happen. Emotional reactions can be very fast, arousal responses happen in the same way for lots of different stimuli and we dont' get much sensory input from visceral organs

Front 34

Cannon Bard theory

Back 34

Proposed an emotion stiggering stimulus and the body's arousal take place simultaneously

Front 35

Schacter's Cognition plus feedback

Back 35

Perception and thought- the type of emotion felt
Degree of bodily arousal- the intensity of emotion felt

Front 36

Epinephrine experiments

Back 36

if they were told that their would be physiological changes then their emotions wouldn't change to the accomplice but those who were not informed or misinformed definitely changed behavior

Front 37

Bridge study

Back 37

attractive researcher on bridge, more people called if asked on the bridge

Front 38

the mere exposure effect

Back 38

subliminally expose people to something and ask if they prefer that item or a new item and people usually choose the subliminal item

Front 39

Zajonc

Back 39

leader in mere exposure effect

Front 40

What is the high road?

Back 40

Emotions filtered by cognition in the cortex

Front 41

Low road?

Back 41

Neural pathways bypass the cortex to the amygdala

Front 42

Eckman's facial facebook theory

Back 42

each basic emotino is associated with a unique facial expression. sensory feedback from the expression contributes to the emotional feeling and can produce effects on the rest of the body

CARTOON RATING STUDY

Front 43

Facial expression influences self reported happiness

Back 43

Facial expression influences self reported anger

Front 44

Expressed emotinos?

Back 44

People recognize angry faces more quickly than happy faces, women decipher emotional cues better than men, and women express more emotions than men

Front 45

How to tell if someone is lying?

Back 45

Using a polygraph, scientists measure blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing, perspiration, and galvanic skin response

Front 46

What happens in fast response stress?

Back 46

Marked by epinephrine and norepprepeprhine. Increasing heart and respiration rates, mobilizing sugar and fat and dulling pain

Front 47

What happens in slow response stress?

Back 47

The hypothalamus and the pituatary gland also respond to stress by trigggering the outer adrenal glands to secrete corisol.
- increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels and immunosupressive action

Front 48

Selye

Back 48

according to selye, a stress response to any kind of stimulation is non-specific

Front 49

General adaption syndrome

Back 49

Selye looking for a new hormone, we are designed to cope with temporary stress

Front 50

What are some implications of long term stress:

Back 50

women with children with serious illnesses, shows damage to DNA consistent with aging, the telomeres is slowed down and hippocampus is shrunken

Front 51

Stress is subjective

Back 51

No correlation between seriousness of surgery and stress lovel

Front 52

Stress comes from

Back 52

catastrophic events, significant life changes (young people more stressed), and day to day hassles (more stressful)

Front 53

Stress and the heart

Back 53

Stress is associated with coronary heart disease, study on accountaint in which cholestrol was extremely high near tax day

Front 54

Stress and personality study?

Back 54

Survey men periodicaly over 9 years and notice certain personalities lead to risk for heart attacks

Front 55

type a personality

Back 55

competitive, hard-driven, impatient and anger-prone people

Front 56

type b people

Back 56

easygoing, relaxed people

Front 57

Type A and Type B people have similiar levels of stress hormones when relaxed

Back 57

small stressors result in large increases of stress hormones in type a

Front 58

What are some confounds to Friedman's and Rosenman's study?

Back 58

smoking, drinking, etc.

Front 59

Perceived control

Back 59

Research with rats and humans indicates that the absence of control over stressors is a predictor of health problems

Front 60

Stress and colds

Back 60

people with the highest life stress score were also the most vulnerable when exposed to an experimental cold virus.