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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personal Development
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Age-related changes in personality and the ways that individuals react to their environment
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Social Development
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The advances people make in their ability to interact and get along with others
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Moral Development
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Advances in people's conceptions of right and wrong, and prosocial behaviors and traits such as honesty, fairness, and respect for others
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Temperament
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The relatively stable inherited characteristics that influence the way we respond to social and physical stimuli
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Microsystem
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In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, the people and activities in a child's immediate surroundings
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Mesosystem
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in Bronfenbrenner's model, the interactions and connections between the different elements of children's immediate surroundings
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Exosystem
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in bioecological societal influences that affect both the micro-and mesosystems
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Macrosystem
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Brofenbrenner's fourth level, which includes cultural influences on development
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Parenting style
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General patterns of interacting with and disciplining children
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Attachment
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The strong emotional bond that forms between children and caregivers
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School connectedness
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the belief by students that adults and peers in the school care about their learning as well as about them as individuals
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Instrumental agression
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An agressive act aimed at gaining an object or privilege
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Physical agression
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An agressive act that can cause bodily injury
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Relational agression
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An agressive act that can adversely affect interpersonal relationships
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Proactive agression
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A deliberete agressive act initiated toward another
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Reactive agressive
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An agressive act committed in response to frustration or another agressive act
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Hostile attributional bias
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A tendency to view others' behaviors as hostile or agressive
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Bullying
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A form of peer agression that involves a systematic or repetitious abuse of power between students
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Cyberbullying
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The use of electronic media to harass or intimidate other students
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Puberty
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The series of physiological changes that occur during adolescence and lead to reproductive maturation
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Identity
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Individuals' self-constructed definition of who they are, what their existence means, and what they want in life
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Self-concept
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A cognitive assessment of their physical, social, and academic competence
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Crisis
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A psychosocial challenge that presents opportunities for development
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Sexual identity
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Students' self-constructed definition of who they are with respect to gender orientation
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Sexual orientation
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The gender to which an individual is romantically and sexually attracted
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Self-esteem (self-worth)
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An emotional reaction to, or an evaluation of, the self
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Ethnic identity
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An awareness of ethnic group membership and a commitment to the attitudes, values, and behaviors of that group
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Collective self-esteem
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Individuals' perceptions of relative worth of the groups to which they belong
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Perspective taking
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The ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of others
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Social problem solving
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The ability to resolve conflicts in ways that are beneficial to all involved
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Social conventions
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Societal norms and way of behaving in specific situations
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External morality
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A stage of moral development in which individuals view permanent and enforced bu authority figures
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Autonomous morality
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A stage of moral development of characterized by the belief that fairness and justice is the reciprocal process of treating other as they would want to be treated
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Moral dilemma
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An ambiguous conflicting situation that requires a person to make a moral decision
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Preconventional morality
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An egocentric orientation lacking any internalized standards for right and wrong
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Punishment-obedience
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A stage of moral reasoning in which conclusions are based on the chances of getting caught and being punished
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Market exchange
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A stage of moral reasoning on which conclusions are based on an act of reciprocity on someone else's part
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Conventional morality
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A moral orientation lined to uncritical acceptance of society's conventions about right and wrong
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Interpersonal harmony
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A stage of moral reasoning in which conclusions are based on loyalty, living up to the expectations of others, and social conventions
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Law and order
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A stage of moral reasoning in which conclusions are based on following laws and rules for their own sale
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Postconventional morality
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A moral orientation thats views moral issues in terms of abstract and self-developed principles of right and wrong
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Social contract
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A stage of moral reasoning in which conclusions are based on socially agreed-upon principles.
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Universal principles stage
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A stage of moral reasoning in which conclusions are based on abstract and general principles that transcend or exceed society's laws
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Shame
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The painful emotion aroused when people recognize that they have failed to act or think in ways they believe are good
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Guilt
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The uncomfortable feeling people get when they know they've caused for someone else
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Empathy
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The ability to to experience the same emotion someone else is feeling
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Theory of mind
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An understanding that other people have distinctive perceptions, feelings, desires, and beliefs
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Emotional intelligence
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The ability to understand emotions in ourselves and others
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Emotional self-regulation
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The ability to manage our emotions so we can cope with the environment and accomplish and accomplish goals.
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