Chapter 3 Exercise Physiology

Front 1

Anabolic actions of growth hormone

Back 1

Increases akin acid uptake by cells

Increases protein synthesis by cells, which increases muscle mass

Front 2

Catabolic actions of growth hormone

Back 2

Decreases fast stores; Lipolysis

Increases gluconeogenesis

Front 3

Steps leading to protein synthesis

Back 3

DNA contains information

Transcription produces mRNA

mRNA leaves nucleus and binds to ribosome.

Amino acids are carried to ribosome by tRNA

in translation, mRNA is used to determine the arrangement of amino acids in polypeptide chain

Front 4

Endergonic reactions

Back 4

Require energy to be added to the reactant

Front 5

Exergonic reactions

Back 5

Release energy

Front 6

Coupled reactions

Back 6

Release of energy in an Exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction

Front 7

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always ______.

Back 7

Coupled reactions

Front 8

Type of reaction that removes an electron

Back 8

Oxidation

Front 9

Type of reaction that adds an electron

Back 9

Reduction

Front 10

Two main factors that regulate enzyme activity

Back 10

Temperature and ph

Front 11

What effect does change in pH have on enzyme activity? Give Example

Back 11

Reduces enzyme activity

Lactic acid produced during exercise

Front 12

Normal body temperature

Back 12

37° C

Front 13

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Back 13

Glycogenolysis

Front 14

3 types of fats

Back 14

Fatty acids

Phospholipids

Steroids

Front 15

What do triglycerides break down to and what are they?

Back 15

Glycerol and fatty acids

Storage form of fat in muscle and adipose tissue

Front 16

Phospholipid characteristics

Back 16

Not used a energy source

Provide the structural integrity of cell membrane

Provide insulation of sheath around nerve fibers

Front 17

The most common steroid? What is it needed for?

Back 17

Cholesterol.

To synthesize sex hormones

Front 18

Hormones that are lipid soluble

Back 18

Steroid hormones

Front 19

How are Non steroid hormones formed?

Back 19

From proteins and admin acids

Front 20

What percent of hormones are proteins?

Back 20

90%

Front 21

Name the 3 types of energy systems and what type of ATP production they are.

Back 21

Anaerobic ATP systems:

Immediate energy system (ATP-PCr)

Non-oxidative energy systems (fast glycolysis)

Aerobic ATP:

Oxidative energy systems (oxidative phosphorylation)

Front 22

Which type of ATP production does not require O2?

Back 22

Anaerobic

Front 23

The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cellular sources of immediate energy

Back 23

1st: ATP

2ND: PCr (phosphocreatine)

3rd: myokinase enzyme

Front 24

Which type of exercise energy is associated with the ATP-PCr system at up to how much time?

Back 24

Power: weightlifting

0 to 10 or 14 seconds

Front 25

Which type of exercise is associated with fast glycolysis and for how long?

Back 25

Speed: 100m run

10 to 14 to 60 seconds

Front 26

Which type of exercise is associated with oxidative phosphorylation and for how long?

Back 26

Endurance: 1500m run

More than 2 minutes (slow glycolysis)

Front 27

2 phases of Glycolysis

Back 27

Energy investment phase

Energy generation phase

Front 28

How much ATP is created during the 1st phase of glycolysis?

Back 28

-2

Front 29

How much ATP is produced during the 2nd phase of glycolysis?

Back 29

4 ATP

Front 30

What is the final net gain of ATP during glycolysis?

Back 30

2 ATP

Front 31

How is pyruvic acid coveted to lactic acid?

Back 31

By Adding 2 H+ to pyruvic acid forms NAD and lactic acid

Front 32

3 ways in which lactate is removed

Back 32

70% oxidized by other tissues

20% coveted to glycogen or glucose in the liver (Cori cycle)

10% converted to amino acid

Front 33

Lactate is the _____ of lactic acid.

Lactic acid is produced in _____ and disassociates into what?

Back 33

Conjugate base

Glycolysis

Lactate and H+

Front 34

Aerobic ATP production occurs inside the ___ and invokes the interaction of what two metabolic pathways?

Back 34

Mitochondria

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Front 35

Does O2 participate in the Krebs cycle?

Back 35

No

Front 36

What is used as the final hydrogen acceptor at the end of the ETC?

Back 36

O2

Front 37

Acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate and citrate all have how many carbons?

Back 37

2

4

6

Front 38

One Krebs cycle produced how many NADH, FADH, GTP, and ATP?

Back 38

NADH = 3

FADH = 1

GDP = 1

ATP = 1

Front 39

How many pyruvates and ATPs are formed during glycolysis?

Back 39

2 and 2

Front 40

ATP tally for NADH and FADH.

Back 40

Nadh: 2.5 ATP

FADH: 1.5 ATP

Front 41

Aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields ___ ATP.

Back 41

32

Front 42

Aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glycogen yields ___ ATP.

Back 42

33

Front 43

Rate limiting enzyme for ATP- PC system.

Back 43

Creatine kinase

Front 44

Rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis, phosphogen system.

Back 44

phosphofructokinase

Front 45

Rate limiting enzyme for Krebs cycle

Back 45

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Front 46

Rate limiting enzyme for electron transport chain.

Back 46

Cytochrome oxidase