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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ion
an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
compound
a substance made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
pH
a value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a ten fold change in acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic
element
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of the element have the same ionic number
ionic bond
the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transffered from one atom to another
covalent bond
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
solution
a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
molecule
a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties
acid
any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts
base
any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
carbohydrate
a class of molecules, that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
lipid
a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include, oils, waxes, and steroids
protein
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and is a principal component of all cells
enzyme
a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
active site
on an enzyme, the site that attaches to a substrate
substrate
a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
energy
the capacity to do work
reactant
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
product
a substance that forms in a chemical reaction