Chapter 3 Ccna Network Fundamentals

Front 1

data

Back 1

application layer PDU

Front 2

source device

Back 2

the device that is originating the PDU

Front 3

DNS

Back 3

Domain Name System: an internet-wide system by which a hierarchical set of DNS servers collectively hold all the name-IP address mappings, with DNS servers referring users to the correct DNS server to successfully resolve a DNS name

Front 4

RFC

Back 4

Request for Comment: a series of documents and memoranda encompassing new research, innovations, and methodologies applicable to Internet technologies

Front 5

syntax

Back 5

the structure and order of words in a computer language

Front 6

session

Back 6

a related set of communications transactions between two or more network devices

Front 7

client

Back 7

a network device that accesses a service on another computer remotely by accessing the network

Front 8

server

Back 8

computer hardware that is to be used by multiple concurrent users. also, software that provides service to many users.

Front 9

daemon

Back 9

a computer program that runs in the background and is usually initiated as a process. often support server processes

Front 10

peer

Back 10

a host or node that participates in some form of a group. both have server and client components

Front 11

scheme

Back 11

a plan, design, or program of action to be followed. addressing plans are called addressing scheme

Front 12

IP address

Back 12

a 32-bit number, written in dotted decimal notation, used by the IP to uniquely identify an interface connected to an IP network. also a destination address in an IP header to allow routing

Front 13

domain name

Back 13

a name that uniquely identifies a computer in the internet. DNS servers respond with the corresponding IP address that is used by the computer with that domain name.

Front 14

network address

Back 14

a dotted decimal number defined by the IPv4 protocol to represent a network or subnet. represents the network that hosts reside in.

Front 15

resource record

Back 15

DNS data records. RFC 1035. Name, Class, Type. and Data

Front 16

DNS resolver

Back 16

the client part of the DNS client-server mechanism. creates queries sent across a network to the name server, interprets responses and returns information to the requesting programs

Front 17

nslookup

Back 17

a service or a program to look up information in the DNS

Front 18

query

Back 18

a request for information, answered with replies.

Front 19

cache

Back 19

a temporary storage where data that has been retrieved or calculated and is accessed frequently can be stored

Front 20

authoritative

Back 20

a source of information that is highly reliable and known for its accuracy

Front 21

plug-in

Back 21

an application a browser uses to display some type of content

Front 22

HTTP

Back 22

hypertext transfer protocol: defines the commands, headers, and processes by which web servers and browsers transfer files

Front 23

distributed

Back 23

a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network

Front 24

collaborative

Back 24

information systems that allow the creation of a document or documents that can be edited by more than one person in real time

Front 25

encryption

Back 25

the process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge, using encryption key

Front 26

POP

Back 26

a protocol that allows a computer to retrieve e-mail from a server typically not used by end users

Front 27

SMTP

Back 27

an application protocol typically not used by end users. instead, it is used by the network management software and networking devices to allow monitoring and troubleshooting

Front 28

MUA

Back 28

mail user agent: program used to download and send e-mail. e-mail clients use POP3 to receive e-mails and use SMTP to send e-mails.

Front 29

spam

Back 29

unsolicited commercial e-mail

Front 30

gateway

Back 30

different kinds of networking devices

Front 31

DHCP

Back 31

dynamic host configuration protocol: protocol used to dynamically assign IP configurations to hosts. assigns IP addresses, default gateway, and DNS servers to network host

Front 32

subnet mask

Back 32

a dotted decimal number that helps identify the structure of IP addresses. the mask represents the network and subnet parts of related IP addresses with binary 1s and the host part of related IP addresses with binary 0s

Front 33

broadcast

Back 33

transmission where one device transmits to all devices within the network or on another network

Front 34

SMB

Back 34

Server Message Block: an application-level network protocol mainly applied to shared access files, printers, serial ports, and miscellaneous communications between nodes

Front 35

UNIX

Back 35

a multiuser multitasking operating system originally devloped in the 1960s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.

Front 36

IAC

Back 36

interpret as command: in Telnet application, commands are always introduced by a character with the deimal code 255, known as an Interpret as Command character