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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Behavioral assessment
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a sampling of ongoing cognitions, feelings, and overt behavior in their situational context.
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BOLD
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blood oxygenation level dependent: the signal detected by functional MRI studies of the brain:measures blood flow and thus neural activity in particular regions.
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categorical classification
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an approach to assessment in which a person is or is not a member of a discrete grouping
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clinical interview
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general term for conversation between a clinician and a patient that is aimed at determining diagnosis, history, causes for problems, and possible treatment options.
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comorbidity
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the co-occurrence of two disorders, as when a person has depression and social phobia.
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CT or CAT scan
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refers to computerized axial tomography, a method of diagnosis in which x-rays are taken from different angles and then analyzed by computer to produce a representation of the part of the body in cross section.
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diagnosis
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the determination that the set of symptoms or problems of a patient indicates a particular diagnosis
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dimensional classification
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an approach to assessment in which a person is placed on a continuum.
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ecological momentary assessment (EMA)
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Form of self-observation involving collection of data in real time(diaries) regarding thoughts, moods, and stressors
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electrocardiogram (EKG)
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a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, made with an electrocardiograph
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electrodermal responding
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a recording of the minute electrical activity of the sweat glands on the skin, allowing for inference of emotional state
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electroencephalogram (EEG)
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a graphic recording of electrical activity of the brain, usually of the cerebral cortex, but sometimes of lower areas.
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functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
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modification of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows researchers to take pictures of the brain so quickly that metabolic changes can be measured, resulting in a picture of the brain at work rather than of its structure alone
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intelligence test
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a standardized means of assessing a person's current mental ability, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale or the Stanford-Binet
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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a technique for measuring the structure (or in the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging, the activity) of the living brain. The person is placed inside of a large circular magnet that causes hydrogen atoms to move; the return of the atoms to their original positions when the current to the magnet is turned off is translated y a computer into pictures of the brain tissue
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metabolite
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a chemical breakdown product of an endogenous molecule, such as a neurotransmitter, or of an exogenous drug, used to gauge current or recurrent level of its precursor.
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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a lengthy personality inventory that identifies individuals with states such as anxiety, depression, masculine-feminity, and paranoia, through their true-false replies to groups of statements.
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multiaxial classification system
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classification having several dimensions, all of which are employed in categorizing; DSM-IV-TR is an example
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neurologist
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a physician who specializes in medical disease that affect the nervous system, such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or alzheimer's disease
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neuropsychological tests
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psychological tests, such as the Luria-Nebraska, that can detect impairment in different parts of the brain
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personality inventory
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a self-report questionnaire compromised of statements assessing habitual behavioral and affective tendencies
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PET scans
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computer-generated picture of the living brain, created by analysis of emissions from radioactive isotopes injected into the bloodstream
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projective hypothesis
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the notion that standard but highly unstructured stimuli, as found in the Rorschach assessment's series of inkblots, are neccessary to bypass defenses in order to reveal unconscious motives and conflicts
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projective test
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a psychological assessment device, such as the Rorschach series of inkblots, employing a set of standard but vague stimuli, on the assumption that unstructured material will allow unconscious motivations and fears to be uncovered
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psychological tests
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standardized procedures designed to measure performance on a particular task or to assess personality
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reactivity
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the phenomenon wherein behavior changes because it is being observed
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reliability
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consistency;the extent to which a test, measurement, or classification system produces the same scientific observation each time it is applied.
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test-retest reliability
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the relationship between the scores that person achieves when he/she takes the same test twice
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interrater reliability
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the relationship between the judgments that at least two raters make independently about a phenomenon
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slit-half reliability
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the relationship between two halves of an assessment instrument that have been determined to be equivalent
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alternate form reliability
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the relationship between scores achieved by people when they complete two versions of a test that are judged to be equivalent
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internal consistency (reliability)
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the degree to which different items of an assessment are related to one another
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Rorschach Inkblot test
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a projective test im which the examinee is instructed to interpret a series of 10 inkblots reproduced on cards
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self-monitoring
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in behavioral assessment, a procedure whereby the individual observes and reports and reports certain aspects of his/her own behavior, thoughts, or emotions
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standardization
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the process of constructing a normed assessment procedure that meets the various psychometric criteria for reliability and validity
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stress
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state of an organism subjected to a stressor;can take the form of increased autonomic activity and in the long term can cause breakdown of an organ or development of a mental disorder
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structured interview
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an interview in which the questions are set out in a prescribed fashion for the interviewer, assists professionals in making diagnostic decisions based on standardized criteria
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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a projective test consisting of black-and-white pictures, each depicting a potentially emotion-laden situation, about each of which the examinee is instructed to make up a story
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internal validity
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the extent which results can be confidently attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable
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external validity
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the extent to which results can be generalized to other populations and settings
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concurrent validity
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the extent to which previously undiscovered features are found among patients with the same diagnosis
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predictive validity (psychiatric diagnosis)
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the extent to which predictions can be made about future behavior of patients with the same diagnosis
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content validity (psychological and psychiatric measures)
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the extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest
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criterion validity (psychological and psychiatric measures)
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the extent to which a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure
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content validity
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adequately samples the domain of interest
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content validity
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adequately samples the domain of interest
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content validity
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adequately samples the domain of interest
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content validity
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adequately samples the domain of interest
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