Chapter 2B Neuroscience And Behavior

Front 1

Lesion

Back 1

Tissue distruction

Front 2

electroencephalogram

Back 2

A recording of the electrical activity on the Brain's surface

Front 3

PET (positron emission tomography)

Back 3

A visual display of the brain's activity that detects what part activates during certain activities.

Front 4

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Back 4

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissuse; allows us to see structures within the brain

Front 5

fMRI (functional MRI)

Back 5

Reveals blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. Shows brain funtion.

Front 6

Brainstem

Back 6

The oldest part and central core of the brain. It begins where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. Responsible for automatic survival functions.

Front 7

Medulla

Back 7

At base of brainstem, controls heart rate and breathing.

Front 8

Reticular Formation

Back 8

A nerve network in brainstem that plays a role in controlling arousal.

Front 9

Thalamus

Back 9

Brain's sensory switchboard on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

Front 10

Cerebellum

Back 10

Attached to the back of the brainstem, "little brain". Processes sensory input and coordinates balance and movement output.

Front 11

Limbic system

Back 11

Doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. Associated with emotions like fear and aggression. Includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

Front 12

Amygdala

Back 12

Two lima bean sized neural clusters. Components of Limbic system, linked to emotion

Front 13

Hypothalamus

Back 13

Neural structure below thalamus. Directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.

Front 14

Cerebral cortex

Back 14

Fabric of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres. Body's ultimate control and information-processing center.

Front 15

Glial cells

Back 15

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons

Front 16

Frontal Lobes

Back 16

Portion of cerebral cortex right behind forehead. Involved in speaking and muscle movement; making plans and judgments.

Front 17

Parietal Lobes

Back 17

Portion of cerebral cortex at the top of the head and towards the rear. Receives sensory input for touch and body position.

Front 18

Occipital Lobes

Back 18

Portion of cerebral cortex at the back of the head. Includes visual areas.

Front 19

Temporal Lobes

Back 19

Portion of cerebral cortex roughly above the ears. Includes auditory areas.

Front 20

Motor Cortex

Back 20

Area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Front 21

Sensory Cortex

Back 21

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

Front 22

Association Areas

Back 22

Areas of cerebral cortex not involved with primary motor or sensory functions. Involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.

Front 23

Aphasia

Back 23

Impairment of language, usually caused by damage to Broca's Area or Wernicke's Area.

Front 24

Broca's Area

Back 24

Controls language expression. Area of frontal lobe in left hemisphere, directs muscle movements involved with speech.

Front 25

Wernicke's Area

Back 25

Controls language reception. Involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe.

Front 26

Plasticity

Back 26

Brain's capacity for modification after damage.

Front 27

Corpus Callosum

Back 27

Large band of neural fibers connecting the brain's two hemispheres, carries messages between them

Front 28

Split Brain

Back 28

A condition where the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the corpus callosum