Chapter 29: Vital Signs

Front 1

Difference between heat produces and heat lost

Back 1

Body Temperature

Front 2

Acceptable Ranges for respirations for an adult

Back 2

12-20 respirations per minute

Front 3

Acceptable Ranges for Pulse for an adult

Back 3

60-100 beats per minute

Front 4

Average oral/tympanic temperature

Back 4

37°C(98.6°F)

Front 5

Average rectal temperature

Back 5

37.5°C(99.5°F)

Front 6

Average axillary temperature

Back 6

36.5°C(97.7°F)

Front 7

Average Blood Pressure
Average Pulse Pressure

Back 7

<120/<80 mm Hg
<30-50 mm Hg

Front 8

Balance between heat lost and heat produced

Back 8

Thermoregulation

Front 9

Located in between the cerebral hemispheres it controls heat loss

Back 9

Anterior Hypothalamus

Front 10

Located in between the cerebral hemispheres it controls heat production

Back 10

Postoerior hypothalamus

Front 11

Accounts for the heat produced while the body is at rest

Back 11

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Front 12

How do thyroid hormones affect the BMR

Back 12

by promoting the breakdown of body glucose and fat and increase the rate of chemical reactions in almost all cells of the body

Front 13

The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact between the two

Back 13

Radiation

Front 14

The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.

Back 14

Conduction

Front 15

The transfer of heat away by air movement

Back 15

Convection

Front 16

The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas

Back 16

Evaporation

Front 17

Visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax

Back 17

Diaphoresis

Front 18

What are the patterns of fever?

Back 18

Sustained
Intermittent
Remittent
Relapsing

Front 19

Type of fever that has a constant body temperature continuously above 100.4 F that has little fluctuation

Back 19

Sustained

Front 20

Type of fever that has spikes interspersed with usual temperature levels

Back 20

Intermittent

Front 21

Type of fever that spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels

Back 21

Remittent

Front 22

Type of fever that has periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values (longer than 24 hours between episodes

Back 22

Relapsing

Front 23

Name 5 physiological responses of having a fever

Back 23

Oxygen consumption rises
Respiratory rate goes up
Heart rate increase
cellular metabolism increases
Body metabolism increases

Front 24

When your metabolism increases what does the body need more of?

Back 24

Oxygen

Front 25

If the body cannot meet the demand for additional what occurs to the cells

Back 25

Cellular Hypoxia

Front 26

Myocardial hypoxia produces what kind of pain

Back 26

Angina (Chest Pain)

Front 27

A hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive anesthetic drugs

Back 27

Malignant hyperthermia

Front 28

An elevated body temperature related to the inability of the body to promote heat loss or reduce heat production

Back 28

Hyperthermia

Front 29

Prolonged exposure to the sun or a high environment temperature overwhelms the heat loss mechanism of the body

Back 29

Heatstroke

Front 30

Occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss

Back 30

Heat Exhaustion

Front 31

Heat loss during prolonged exposure to cold which overwhelms the body's ability to produce heat

Back 31

Hypothermia

Front 32

When the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures and ice crystals form inside the cell

Back 32

Frostbite

Front 33

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Back 33

C= (F-32) x 5/9

Front 34

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

Back 34

F= 9/5C +32

Front 35

The movement of gases in and put of the lungs

Back 35

Ventilation

Front 36

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and RBCs

Back 36

Diffusion

Front 37

The distribution of RBCs to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Back 37

Perfusion

Front 38

What does the body use to regulate ventilation

Back 38

CO2, O2, Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Front 39

What is the most important factor in the control of ventilation?

Back 39

Elevation in the CO2 level

Front 40

Excess CO2 in the system is called what?

Back 40

Hypercarbia

Front 41

Low levels of arterial O2

Back 41

Hypoxemia

Front 42

Why is administration of high oxygen levels in patients with chronic lung disease fatal?

Back 42

Because low level of arterial O2 is what helps control ventilation.

Front 43

Newborn Respiratory Rate

Back 43

35-40

Front 44

Infant (6 mos.) Respiratory Rate

Back 44

30-50

Front 45

Toddler (2 years) Respiratory Rate

Back 45

25-32

Front 46

Child Respiratory Rate

Back 46

20-30

Front 47

Adolescent Respiratory Rate

Back 47

16-20

Front 48

Adult Respiratory Rate

Back 48

12-20

Front 49

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow (less than 12 breaths per min)

Back 49

Bradypnea

Front 50

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths per min)

Back 50

Tachypnea

Front 51

Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate

Back 51

Hyperpnea

Front 52

Respirations cease for several seconds.

Back 52

Apnea

Front 53

Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.

Back 53

Hyperventilation

Front 54

Respiratory rate is abnormally low. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.

Back 54

Hypoventilation

Front 55

Respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation.

Back 55

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Front 56

Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate

Back 56

Kussmaul's Respiration

Front 57

Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths followed by irregular periods of apnea

Back 57

Biot's Respiration

Front 58

The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs from the aorta

Back 58

Systolic pressure

Front 59

The pressure when the ventricles relax

Back 59

Diastolic Pressure

Front 60

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Back 60

Pulse Pressure

Front 61

Describe Peripheral Resistance.

Back 61

The resistance if blood flow determined by the tone of vascular musculature and the diameter of blood vessels

Front 62

What is average amount of circulating blood in an adult

Back 62

5000 mL

Front 63

Average Blood Pressure for a newborn

Back 63

40(mean)

Front 64

Average blood pressure for a 1 month old

Back 64

85/54

Front 65

Average blood pressure for a 1 year old

Back 65

95/65

Front 66

Average blood pressure for a 6 year old

Back 66

105/65

Front 67

Average blood pressure (age 10-13 years)

Back 67

110-65

Front 68

Average Blood Pressure (age14-17 years)

Back 68

119/75

Front 69

Average Blood Pressure (18 years and older)

Back 69

120/80

Front 70

Pre-hypertension values

Back 70

140/90

Front 71

Hypertension

Back 71

BP greater than 140/90

Front 72

Name 6 types of anti-hypertensive medications

Back 72

Diuretics
Beta-adrenergic Blockers
Vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers

Front 73

Condition in which systolic BP falls below 90 mm/Hg

Back 73

Hypotension