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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
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LINCOLN STEFFENS |
• NY reporter who launched a series of muckracking articles= "The Shame of the Cities" • wrote about vote stealing, corruption and political machines * By unmasking the corrupt alliance b/t big business and municipal government and the realities of american citizens, Steffens motivated middle-class citizens to reform society. |
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IDA TARBELL |
• muckraker, magazine editor and journalist • father=oil producer whose business failed b/c Rockefeller's business dealings • (1904) published the history of the Standard Oil Co. and the “Mother of Trusts” • how a business monopoly exploits the public by using unfair tactics * Its publication led to the company’s break-up in 1911 following prosecutions under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. |
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MULLER V. OREGON |
• case upheld OR state restrictions on the working hrs of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health • 10-hr work day for women laundry workers on health and community concerns * Upheld sex discrimination; proved to be a step in the wrong direction for US civil rights. |
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FRANCES WILLARD |
• educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. • Thought excessive drinking =main cause of poverty. • nat'l president of the WCTU 1879 & for 19 yrs • "Do everything" slogan= incite lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publication, and education for the movement * Brought a new wave of middle class supporters for womens rights and her influence was instrumental in the passage of the 18th and 19th Amendments to the Constitution. |
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TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE |
• Manhattan, March 25th, 1911 • 146 workers died (123 of them = women) • Factory=few escape routes; locked doors; no external fire escapes • A.A.R workers =forced to jump out of high windows b/c owners locked doors to prevent “unauthorized breaks” * The fire showed many American workers were forced to work in very dangerous conditions. It led to a push for laws that require companies to ensure that workplaces=safe. Required things like sprinklers to put out fires, fire escape doors that opened outwards, and restrictions on smoking in workplaces. |
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JOHN MUIR |
• naturalist/ author/early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the west • Wrote books about experiences in CA (Sierras) • Successfully petitioned congress to est 2 new nat'l parks • Founded the Sierra Club • Fought against the Hetch Hetchy dam * activism helped to save the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia Nat'l Park and other wilderness areas and influenced millions of Americans’ opinions about forests and other precious natural resources. |
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MEAT INSPECTION ACT |
• 1906 passed b/c of public outcry caused by The Jungle • no questionable/mislabeled meats could be sold • meat= produced in sanitary conditions • Imported meats= inspected to assure their compliance w/ law * Beginnings of fed regulation of food industry and sanitary standards est for slaughterhouses and meat processing plants that are used today. It gave credibility to the Square Deal domestic policy of Roosevelt |
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UPTON SINCLAIR |
• Wrote The Jungle (1906) • Exposed truth behind the Chicago stockyards and the meat-packing industry. * Brought more nat'l reform to the US during the Progressive Era through the Pure Food & Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act |
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PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT |
• Passed 1906 w/ the M. Inspection Act • The Jungle kept the public's attention on the issue of unsanitary meat processing plants that later led to this • accurate ingredient lists on food/ drugs • Set standards for purity of food and drugs • Foods that didn't meet standards =destroyed * A Muckraking Triumph that was the Beginnings of fed regulation of food and drug industry. It gave credibility to the Square Deal domestic policy of Roosevelt
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MUCKRACKERS |
• Journalists in the P. Era who looked for scandalous stories to defame politicians and big business • Uncovered many malpractices • I.e: Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell • Disliked by TR, but they instigated many reforms he supported * Muckrakers brought some of the U.S' social issues to the forefront and in the process, uncovered many of the malpractices that marred the early 20th century. Their work sparked nat'l outcry that led to laws like the Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, anti-trust legislation
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17TH AMENDMENT |
• Est direct election of senators by the public • Before= were handpicked by state legislatures; bribing=common and not necessarily qualified • Reflected old populist beliefs & William Jennings Bryan * Made gov't more transparent/ democratic, helping to return America back toward its founding principles by lessening the probability for corrupt/inept people taking the Senate. |
