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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Competency

Applies fundamental knowledge to provide basic emergency care ad transportation based on assessment findings for an acutely injured pt

Core Concepts

Understanding chest injuries and e-care for chest injuries




Understanding abdominal injuries and e-care for abdominal injuries

Closed Chest injury

Skin is not broken, sustained through blunt trauma and compression injuries, causing contusions and lacerations of the heart, lungs and great vessels

Flail Chest (Paradoxical motion)

Closed chest injuries cause flail chest. Defined as fracture of two or more consecutive ribs in two or more places, leaving portion of chest wall unstable which can affect breathing/lung expansion and cause inadequate ventilation

Open Chest Injury

Assume all open wounds to the chest are life-threatening. When air enters the chest cavity, the pressure balance within the chest-cavity is destroyed, causing lung collapse.





Sucking Chest Wound

Open chest injury where breathing is severely affected. Every time the pt breathes, air can be sucked into the opening

Pt care: Open Chest wound

1.Maintain open airway, provide BLS


2. Seal open chest wound quickly


3. Apply occlusive dressing to seal the wound. Dressing should be 2in. wider than the wound.


4. High flow oxygen


5. Care for shock


6. Transport ASAP


7. Consider ALS

Flutter-valve/Occlusive Dressing/Asherman Chest Seal

Used for open chest wounds

Chest Cavity Injury: Pneumothorax & Tension Pneumothorax



+ Signs



Pheumothorax is when air enters the chest cavity, possible causing lung collapse



Tension pneumothorax (often found with closed chest injury or after a sealed dressing has been applied) is when air has nowhere to escape which puts pressure on great vessels, heart and the unaffected lung-->sign is a distended jugular vein and distended trachea

Chest Cavity Injury: Hemothorax & Tension Pneumothorax




+ Signs

Hemothorax: Chest cavity fills with blood




Hemopneumothorax: Chest cavity fills with blood and air

Chest Cavity Injury: Traumatic Asphyxia




+ Signs

Sudden compression of the chest.




Signs: Pt's neck and face will be a darker color than the rest of the body, distended neck veins, broken blood vessels in the face, bulging eyes

Chest Cavity Injury: Cardiac Tamponade



+ Signs


Injury to the heart in which blood flows into pericardial sac. Sac now compresses the chambers of the heart to the point where they no longer adequately fill



Pt will have distended neck veins, signs of shock, and narrowed pulse pressure, distended trachea

Chest Cavity Injury: Aortic Injury and Dissection




+ Signs

Aortic Dissection: When inner layer of aortic wall begins to tear, causing blood to leak to outer layers which causes an aneurysm.



PT will complain of chest pain and exhibit signs of shock

Abdominal Injury: Evisceration

An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen

Abdominal Injury: Hollow Organs

Stomach/Small and Large Bowel/Gall bladder/Urinary bladder. IF these organs are injured, these organs can spill their contents and lead to peritonitis-->abdominal muscles involuntarily contract

Pt care: Abdominal Injury

For both closed and open abdominal injuries:


1. Keep airway open


2. Place pt on back, legs flexed at knees to reduce pain


3. High flow oxygen


4. Care for shock


5. Nothing to pt's mouth


6. Constantly monitor vitals


7 Transport




Additional Steps for open abdominal injuries


8. Control external bleeding and dress all wounds


9. Do not touch or try to replace eviscerated organs. Apply sterile dressing soaked in sterile saline over wound site.


10. Do not remove impaled objects. Stabilize impales objects with bulky dressings bandaged in place.