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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do the proteins in the plasma membrane of a sensory receptor do?
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react to stimulus
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What does the resulting sensation depend on?
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depends on which part of the brain receives the nerve impulses |
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Define: Referred Pain
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Pain that is felt somewhere else
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How many taste buds and where are they?
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about 10,000. most on tongue but some on hard palate, epiglottis and pharynx |
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Sensory receptors transform stimuli into _____ that reach a particular section of the _____. |
nerve impulses / cerebral cortex |
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Complex animals rely on sensory receptors to provide info to the ______ which integrates sensory input before directing a _______. |
central nervous system (CNS) / motor response |
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Each olfactory cell binds with how many molecules?
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1 odor molecule |
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Which system do the olfactory cells have a direct connection to? |
the limbic system
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What are the 2 main functions of the ear? |
hearing & balance |
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Which mammals have color vision? |
Only humans and some primates |
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What percent of what we taste is due to what we smell?
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about 80-90% |
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Where are the olfactory cells located?
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Very high in the nasal cavities |
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List the 5 different tastes |
2. Sour 3. Sweet 4. Bitter 5. Savory (Umami) |
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Explain - rotational equilibrium -gravitational equilibrium |
rotational equilibrium balance when the head and body are moved or rotated gravitational equilibrium balance when head and neck are motionless |
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Color Blind Essay Question causes/symptoms/treatments |
-often inherited, sex linked trait, more common in males -fault in development of one or more sets of cones in the eyes -symptoms: inability to distinguish between colors -different types of colorblindness -no cure but special glass can help people see more, and mobile apps can help distinguish colors |
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What is Binocular Vision and why is it important to humans?
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Important because would have been crucial for survival. |
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Explain the divisions of the ear -outer -middle -inner |
middle: starts at the ear drum ends at the oval window inner: filled with fluid that helps with hearing and balance |
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Define: Blind Spot |
where optic nerve exits retina, no vision because there are no rods + cones here
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Define: Optic Nerve
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transmits impulses to brain |
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Define: Humors
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clear, watery like fluid, transmits light rays and supports the eye |
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Define: Lens |
refracts light rays, focuses images on the retina |
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Describe the structure of the olfactory cells? |
these proteins cause the brain to distinguish odors |
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Stimuli are...
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environmental signals that tell us about the internal and external environment |
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Define: Sensation
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occurs when nerve impulses reach the cerebral cortex in brain |
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4 categories of sensory receptors -where they are -what they respond to |
2. Photoreceptors - eyes, rods & cones / respond to light energy 3. Mechanoreceptors - hairs in inner ear / respond to gravity, sense or touch 4. Thermoreceptors - in the hypothalamus + skin / respond to change in temp |
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Define- Interceptors - Exteroceptors |
Exteroceptors - detect stimuli outside the body |
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Define: Perception
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occurs when the brain interprets the meaning of stimuli
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Define: Detection
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occurs when environmental changes stimulate sensory receptors |
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Define: Somatic receptors |
receptors that are associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera, they send nerve impulses through the spinal cord to the brain |
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-proprioceptors -cutaneous receptors -pain receptors |
cutaneous receptors- in epidermis and dermis, make skin sensitive to touch, pressure, pan, temp pain receptors - (free nerve endings) found in skin, and many internal organs, sensitive to chemical released by damaged cells |
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Explain the parts of the eye: 1. cornea 2. iris 3. pupil 4. ciliary body 5. rods 6.rods 7. fovea centralis |
1. cornea - "window to the eye" made of transparent collagen fibers 2. iris - front of the choroid, color of the iris = color of the eye, has smooth muscle 3. pupil - hole in center, light enters here 4. ciliary body- controls shape of lens for near/far 5. rods- sensitive to light 6. cones - require light, sensitive to colors 7. fovea- condensely packed rods & cones, acute vision possible here |