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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Characteristics of Class Reptilia:
(7) contains? Fert? |
- lizards, snakes, turtles, alligators, and crockodiles
- dry scaly skin, completely terrestrial - protective leathery shell on amniotic eggs - internal fertilization - well developed lungs - ectothermic - 3-chambered heart except gators and crocks |
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3 Major Lineages of Amniotes:
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1. Anapsids (turtles): have skull with no temporal opening behind orbits
2. Synapsids (mammals): skull has a single pair of temporal openings 3. Diapsids (other reptiles and birds): presence of two temporal openings |
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Amniotic Eggs: (2)
amnion: chorion: yolk sac: allantois: |
- have leathery shell
- key to terrestrial living - membrane that surrounds embryo - membrane for gas exchange - provides food for embryo - respiratory surface and deposit of wastes (storage) |
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Order Testudines: Anapsids Reptiles (7)
Contains? Senses eating life |
- turtles
- enclosed in shell - dorsal (carapace) and ventral (plastron) - no teeth; hard plates for gripping food - sound perception poor and most mute - good sense of smell and color vision - oviparous: nest temp determines sex of babies - low metabolism, slow moving, long life span |
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Order Sphenodonta:
Contains? (5)Means? Vulnerable? |
Tuataras
- 2 living species in New Zealand - name means "wedge tooth" - loss of pop. due to humans introducing non-native animals (rats, dogs, cats, goats) that eat them/destroy their eggs and habitat - vulnerable because of slow growth and low reproductive rates - 3rd eye on top of head that only registers changes in light intensity |
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Order Crocodilia:
Contains? (5) breath |
- crocs and gators
- have elongate robust skull and massive jaw (more power when opening than closing) - secondary palate: allows them to breathe when mouth is filled with water/food - can vocalize, male bellows - oviparous: lay 20-50 eggs in nest and protect/guard nest - nest temp determines sex of babies Diff between gator and croc: |
Croc has more pointed snout and is more aggressive, gator has rounded snout and more docile
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*Alligator mississippiemsis*
*Crocodylus acutus* Saltwater Crockodiles Gharial |
U.S. Alligator
U.S. Crockodile Largest Crockodile (Australlia, Phillipines; 2369) 1 sp. in India, Burma with very thin snout |
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Order Squamata: includes
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Snakes and lizards
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Suborder Sauria:
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Lizards
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True Chamelions: (3)
In? |
Sauria
- eyes roam separately - arboreal (lives in trees); tail - 2-partgrabbing feet Medeteranina Geckgo: (3) |
- pink
- crawl upside down - only lizard that has voice |
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Gila Monster: (3)
In? |
Sauria
- only venomous lizard in U.S. - pretty colors - forked tongue Komodo Dragon: (3) |
- largest lizard (10-13 feet)
- forked tongue - eat domestic animals |
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Anole: (2)
In? |
Sauria
- males use dewlap for mating - territorial Glass Lizard: (3;3) |
- 2 species in GA
- limbless, looks like snake - reasons its a lizard: - closing eyelids - ear openings - division between top and bottom |
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Skink: (4)
In? |
Sauria
- fast, can release tail - range from small to large - eat incects - non-venomous |
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Suborder Serpentes: snakes
(4) sense |
- limbless
- no movable eyelids or external ear openings - poor vision, deaf but feel vibrations - Jackobson's Organ: chemosensory organ in roof of mouth 2 specializations? |
1. Extreme elongation of body and rearrangement of internal organs
2. Specialization for eating large prey (only animal that can dislocate jaw to eat) |
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Snakes General:
(6): fangs, bites |
- a good snake is not a dead snake, snakes are much more beneficial than harmful
- have stab bite or chew bite - 8000 bites in U.S. per year, only 12 are fatal - 200,000 bites in India per year, more than 9000 are fatal - nonvenomous snakes kill prey by constriction (rat and king snakes) or by grasping and swallowing (hognose) - vipers have fixed or retractable fangs on upper jaws |
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Snake Reproduction:
(3) |
- most are oviparous (coral)
- some viviparous (boas/pythons) - some ovoviviparous (rattlesnakes) |
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Snake Species in Georgia:
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- 52 species
- only 6 are venomous - 5 of these are pit vipers |
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Family Viperidae:
Contains? (4) |
Pit vipers
- have heat sensitive pit between eyes and nostrils - sensitive to infrared radiation (night vision goggles) - use pits to track warm-blooded prey and aim strike - retractable fangs that inject venom |
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5 Examples of Family Viperidae:
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1. Diamondback Rattlesnake:
2. Pygmy Rattlesnake 3. Timber Rattler or Canebrake: 4. Cotton Mouth or Water Moccasin: 5. Copperhead: |
- biggest in Georgia (diamond pattern in back)
- smallest in Georgia; tiny rattler (dark, round blotches) - has chevron stripes - dark colored (almost black) patterned when young - leaf-colored with hourglass pattern |
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Eastern Coral:
(3;1) |
- only venomous snake in GA that isn't a pit viper
- non-retractable fangs and chew bite - coloring: red and yellow kill a fellow - mistaken for Scarlet and Scarlet King Snake: red and black friend of Jack |
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Venomous VS. Nonvenomous:
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Venomous:
- triangular head, bigger than neck - cat-like pupil - keeled scales - white stripe through eye Nonvenomous: - roughly same head, neck - round pupil - smooth scales |
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Largest, Most Dangerous of all Venomous Snakes?
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- King Cobra
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2Types of Snake Venom:
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1. neurotoxin:
2. hematoxin: |
- acts on nervous system; affects optic nerves and diaphram nerves (coral snake/ cobra)
- breaks down red blood cells/blood vessels and produces extensive hemmoraging of blood in tissue spaces |
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Bill Haast:
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-injected himself daily with mix of venoms from 32 species of snakes
- bitten 173 times by venomous snakes - reaches 100 years old and died of natural causes |
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Venomous Snakes Grouped Based on Fangs:
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1. Family Viperidae:
2. Family Elapidae: 3. Family Hydrophidae: 4. Family Colubridae: |
- pit vipers have hollow, retractable fangs at front of mouth (Rattlesnakes)
- short, permanently fixes front fangs, venom injected by chewing (cobras/coral snakes) - sea snakes (most toxic venom) - mostly nonvenomous but includes 2 very venomous snakes |
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2 Very Venomous Snakes in Colubridae:
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1. African Boomslang
2. African Vine Snake *both have rear fangs |
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