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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hollow Organs |
Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine (Colon) Appendix Bladder Gallbladder |
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Solid Organs |
Liver Spleen Pancreas Kidneys |
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Peritoneum |
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers organs within it Visceral peritoneum covers each organ |
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Retroperitoneal Space |
The area posterior to the peritoneum between the peritoneum and the back (Kidneys, pancreas, part of aorta are in retroperitoneal space) |
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Core Concepts |
Understanding the nature of abdominal pain Becoming familiar with abdominal conditions that may cause pain or discomfort How to assess and care for patients with abdominal pain |
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Abdominal Pain: Visceral Pain |
Poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs or viscera |
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Abdominal Pain: Parietal Pain |
A localized, sharp, intense pain that arised from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity |
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Abdominal Pain: Referred Pain |
Pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates. This happens because the nerve pathways of the abdomen overlap with others and pain sensation is transmitted from one system to another |
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Abdominal Pain: Tearing Pain |
Shar pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart. Originates in the aorta. |
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Abdominal Conditions: Appendicitis |
Infection of Appendix S & S: -Persistent RLQ pain -Referred pain to umbilical region -Rupture of appendix=sudden severe increase in pain |
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Abdominal Conditions: Peritonitis |
Irritation of peritoneum, usually caused by foreign material in peritoneal space (i.e. stomach ruptures and leaks acid) The irritation causes involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles |
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Abdominal Conditions: Cholesystitis |
Inflammation of the gallbladder, caused by blockage of its outlet by gall stones
S&S: -Sharp RUG pain -Referred pain to shoulder |
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Abdominal Conditions: Pancreatitis |
Infection of the pancreas
S&S: -Epigastric pain -Often referred to shoulder |
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Abdominal Conditions: GI Bleeding |
Hemorrhage within the lumen of the GI tract, pain can be minor to severe. Blood exit either mouth or anus and is often painless.
Gastric ulcers can cause severe peritonitis as a result of gastric acid leakage S&S: -Dark colored stool -Frank (red) blood from rectum -Vomiting coffee ground blood |
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Abdominal Conditions: AAA (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) |
Weakening of inner wall or aorta which tears and separates from outer layers-->leading to weak spots in vessel bulging and possibly rupturing
S&S: -Referred pain to back -Palpable abdominal mass (DON"T TOUCH) -Sudden severe increase in pain may indicate rupture |
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Abdominal Conditions: Hernia |
Hole in abdominal wall, allowing tissue or organ sections to protrude under skin
Often happens to lifters S&S: -Sudden onset of abdominal pain -Palpable mass or lump on abdominal wall or crease of groin |
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Abdominal Conditions: Renal Colic (Kidney Stone) |
Pain caused by kidney stones being lodged in ureter
S&S: -Severe cramping in flank or back -Frequently referred to groin -Nausea, vomiting |
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Abdominal Conditions: Cardiac Involvement |
Pain from a heart attack felt as abdominal discomfort |
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HPI For Females |
Where in your cycle are you? Is you period late? Is there a chance you may be pregnant? Is your flow normal? Are you on BC? Have you experienced this pain before? |
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Physical Exam |
Inspection -Distension -Discoloration -Protrusions Palpation -Rigidity -Pain -Guarding |
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Pt care |
Maintain airway Administer oxygen Place in position of comfort (LLR for airway protection) |