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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NFPA 472 |
NFPA STANDARD FOR COMPETENCE OF RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT WMD |
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NFPA 473 |
NFPA STANDARD FOR COMPETENCIES FOR EMS PERSONNEL RESPONDING TO HAZMAT/WMD |
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TITLE 29 CFR (code of federal regulations) 1910.120 |
HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE AKA HAZWOPER by law your employer must meet hazwoper requirements even if you volunteer. in canada you get a sop or sog |
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WHAT 5 THINGS DO AWARENESS LEVEL RESPONDERS DO? |
RECOGNIZE IDENTIFY NOTIFY ISOLATE PROTECTIVE ACTIONS |
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HOW MANY GALLONS IS A SMALL SPILL? |
55 GALLONS AND LESS |
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HOW MANY GALLONS IS A LARGE SPILL?? |
56 GALLONS AND UP |
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WHAT IS TIH?? |
TOXIC INHALATION HAZARD |
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WHAT DOES CBRNE STAND FOR??? |
CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE |
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WHAT IS NFPA 1994 |
NFPA STANDARD ABOUT PPE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR CBRNE |
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HOW MANY FEET IS STANDARD FOR THE INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE? |
100 FEET IN ALL DIRECTIONS |
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WHAT IS CLASS 1 ? |
EXPLOSIVES |
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WHAT IS CLASS 2? |
FLAMMABLE GASES |
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WHAT IS CLASS 3? |
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS |
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WHAT IS CLASS 4 ? |
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS |
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WHAT IS CLASS 5 ? |
OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES |
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WHAT IS CLASS 6? |
TOXIC SUBSTANCES |
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WHAT IS CLASS 7 ? |
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS |
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WHAT IS CLASS 8? |
CORROSIVES |
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WHAT IS CLASS 9 ? |
MISCELLANEOUS |
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HOW MANY DIGITS ARE IN UNID ? |
FOUR DIGITS |
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WHAT IS 0-6 ON THE PH SCALE ? |
ACIDS |
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WHAT IS SEVEN ON THE PH SCALE ? |
NEUTRAL |
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WHAT IS 8 TO 14 ON THE PH SCALE ? |
BASES ( AKA ALKALIS AND OR CAUSTICS) |
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WHICH IS MORE DANGEROUS TO SKIN, ACIDS OR BASES ? |
BASES |
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WHAT HAZARDS ARE IN T.R.A.C.E.M. ? |
THERMAL RADIOACTIVE ASPHYXIATION CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVE MECHANICAL |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE SIGNAL WORDS (USED IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND AMONG OTHER THINGS) |
CAUTION- ( MINOR HAZARD) WARNING- (MODERATE HAZARD) DANGER- (HIGHEST HAZARD) THE WORD POISON IS REQUIRED TO BE USED IN ADDITION/CONJUCTION WITH WITH DANGER ON LABELS OF HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIALS |
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WHAT ARE CRYOGENS ? |
CRYOGENS ARE GASES THAT TURN INTO LIQUIDS AT OR BELOW -130 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AT 14.7 P.S.I. |
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WHAT IS THE MOST ENERGETIC AND HAZARDOUS TYPE OF RADIATION ? |
IONIZING RADIATION |
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WHAT IS POLYMERIZATION ? |
POLYMERIZATION IS A CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH TWO OR MORE MOLECULES COMBINE TO FORM LARGER MOLECULES; THIS REACTION CAN OFTEN BE VIOLENT |
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EXPLAIN ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE MATERIAL |
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE MATERIAL IS MATERIAL THAT MEETS ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA DURING TRANSPORT; IN A LIQUID PHASE, AT OR ABOVE 212 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. INTENTIONALLY HEATED AT OR ABOVE ITS LIQUID PHASE FLASH POINT OF 100 DEGREES OR IN A SOLID PHASE AT OR ABOVE 464 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT |
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WHAT IS ALPHA RADIATION ? |
ALPHA RADIATION IS WHERE POSITIVELY CHARGED ALPHA PARTICLES ARE EMITTED FROM THE NUCLEUS OF HEAVY RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS, SUCH AS URANIUM AND RADIUM. ALPHA PARTICLES LOOSE ENERGY RAPIDLY WHEN TRAVELING THROUGH MATTER. EXAMPLE: THEY CAN BE STOPPED BY A SHEET OF PAPER AND COMPLETELY BLOCKED BY THE OUTER LAYER OF HUMAN SKIN. HOWEVER THIS RADIATiON CAN BE VERY HARMUL IF INGESTED OR INHALED |
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WHAT IS BETA RADIATION ?? |
BETA RADIATION IS WHERE POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED BETA PARTICLES ARE EMITTED FROM THE NUCLEUS OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS SUCH AS TRITIUM, CARBON-14, AND STRONTIUM-90. THESE FAST MOVING PARTICLES ARE MORE PENETRATING THAN ALPHA PARTICLES. THEY CAN PENETRATE THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN AND CAUSE RADIATION DAMAGE TO THE BODY. AND THEY ARE EVEN MORE HARMFUL IF INGESTED OR INHALED. BETA PARTICLES CAN TRAVEL UP TO 20 FEET THROUGH THE AIR, BUT LOOSE ENERGY QUICKLY AS THEY DO. AFTER TRAVELING THAT DISTANCE, THEY CAN BE STOPPED BY A LAYER OF CLOTHING OR .08 INCHES OF ALUMINUM |
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WHAT IS GAMMA RADIATION ??? |
GAMMA RAYS CONSIST OF HIGH ENERGY PHOTONS THAT OFTEN ACCOMPANY THE EMISSION OF ALPHA OR BETA PARTICLES FROM A NUCLEUS. (NATURAL OCCURRING SOURCES INCLUDE POTASSIUM-40, AND INDUSTRIAL SOURCES INCLUDE COBALT-60, IRRIDIUM-192, AND CESIUM-137. GAMMA RAYS HAVE NO MASS AND ELECTRIC CHARGE, BUT THEY ARE HIGHLY PENETRATING. THEY CAN PASS THROUGH THE HUMAN BODY, CAUSING SEVER RADIATION DAMAGE. THEY CAN BE STOPPED BY 2 INCHES OF LEAD, 2 FEET OF CONCRETE, OR SEVERAL FEET OF EARTH |
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WHAT IS NEUTRON RADIATION ? |
NEUTRON RADIATION IS WHERE NEUTRON PARTICLES ARE PRODUCED BY FISSION REACTIONS. THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN RESEARCH LABS AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. (OTHER SOURCES INCLUDE OIL MOISTURE DENSITY GAUGES FOUND AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.) THESE ULTRA HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES HAVE MASS BUT NO ELECTRICAL CHARGE, AND THEY ARE EVEN MORE PENETRATING THAN GAMMA RAYS. NEUTRON RADIATION IS DIFFICULT TO MEASURE IN THE FIELD. IT IS USUALLY ESTIMATED ON BASED ON GAMMA MEASUREMENTS BECAUSE GAMMA RAYS ARE ALSO PRODUCED BY FISSION REACTIONS. NEUTRON RADIATION IS HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH BECAUSE IT CREATES SECONDARY RADIATION AS IT PASSES THROUGH HUMAN TISSUE. |
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WHEN DOES RADIATION EXPOSURE OCCUR ? |
RADIATION EXPOSURE OCCURS WHEN A PERSON IS EXPOSED TO RADIOACTIVE TO RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, CAUSING BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE. (REMEMBER: WITHOUT BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE, THERE IS NO EXPOSURE.) |
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WHEN DOES RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OCCUR? |
RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OCCURS WHEN RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IS DEPOSITED ON SURFACES, SKIN, OR CLOTHING. (REMEMBER: THAT RADIATION DOES NOT SPREAD; RATHER IT IS THE RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL/CONTAMINATION THAT SPREADS) |
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WHAT ARE THE ROUTES OF ENTRY ? |
THE ROUTES OF ENTRY ARE : INHALATION INGESTION SKIN CONTACT INJECTION ABSORBTION PENETRATION (FOR RADIATION) |
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SYSTEMIC EFFECT ?? |
A SYSTEMIC EFFECT IS DAMAGE SPREAD THROUGH AN ENTIRE SYSTEM; OPPOSITE OF A LOCAL EFFECT, WHICH IS LIMITED TO A SINGLE LOCATION. (EXAMPLE: PESTICIDES ARE ABSORBED AND DISTRIBUTED THIS WAY, CAUSING SEIZURES AND CARDIOPULMONARY PROBLEMS.) |
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WHAT ARE ACIDS ?? |
ACIDS ARE CHEMICALS THAT BREAK DOWN (IONIZE) IN WATER TO YIELD HYDROGEN IONS . (ACIDS HAVE PH VALUES OF 0-6.9) CONTACT WITH AN ACID TYPICALLY CAUSES IMMEDIATE PAIN AND POSSIBLE SEVERE CHEMICAL BURNS OR PERMANENT EYE DAMAGE. |
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WHAT ARE BASES ? |
BASES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS ALKALIS OR CAUSTICS. BASES ARE WATER SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS THAT BREAK APART IN WATER, FORMING NEGATIVELY CHARGED HYDROXIDE IONS. (BASES HAVE PH VALUES OF 8-14) CONTACT WITH A BASE TYPICALLY DOES NOT CAUSE IMMEDIATE PAIN, HOWEVER, BASES CAN CAUSE SEVERE EYE DAMAGE BECAUSE THEY ADHERE TO EYE TISSUE, MAKING THEM DIFFICULT TO REMOVE. BASES ALSO BREAK DOWN THE FATTY SKIN TISSUES AND CAN PENETRATE DEEPLY DOWN INTO THE BODY. A COMMON SIGN OF EXPOSURE IS A GREASY OR SLICK FEELING OF THE SKIN, WHICH IS THE BREAKDOWN OF FATTY TISSUES. |
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WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF ETIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ? |
ALSO KNOWN AS BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS. ETIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ARE MICRO ORGANISMS THAT CAUSE SEVERE ILLNESS OR DISEASE. |
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COMMON EXAMPLES OF THESE INCLUDE LATEX, BLEACH, AND URUSHIOL, WHICH IS A NATURAL CHEMICAL IN POISON IVY, POISON OAK , AND POISON SUMAC. SOME PEOPLE EXPERIENCE NO SYMPTOMS AT THE FIRST EXPOSURE, BUT DEVELOP SEVERE REACTIONS AFTER SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURES. |
SENSITIZERS AND ALLERGENS |
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THESE DO NOT RESPOND TO ANTIBIOTICS AND REPRODUCE IN THE LIVING CELLS OF THEIR HOSTS. |
VIRUSES |
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BACTERIA |
BACTERIA ARE SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS THAT DO NOT TYPICALLY CAUSE DISEASE. HOWEVER , HARMFUL BACTERIA CAN INVADE TISSUES OR PRODUCE TOXINS. |
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RICKETTSIAS |
RICKETTSIAS ARE SPECIALIZED BACTERIA SPREAD BY INFECTED FLEAS, TICKS, AND LICE. LIKE OTHER BACTERIA, RESPONDS TO ANTIBIOTICS. BUT LIKE VIRUSES, THEY REPRODUCE ONLY IN LIVING CELLS. |
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BIOLOGICAL TOXINS |
BIOLOGICAL TOXINS ARE PRODUCED BY LIVING ORGANISMS, EVEN THOUGH THE ORGANISM ITSELF IS USUALLY NOT HARMFUL. (EXAMPLE: RICIN IS A LETHAL BIOLOGICAL TOXIN DERIVED FROM CASTOR BEANS. OTHER BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS ARE PRODUCED IN LABORATORIES TO BE USED AS BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS.) |
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THIS HAZARD CAUSES INJURY THROUGH BLUNT PHYSICAL FORCE |
MECHANICAL HAZARDS |
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STATES OF MATTER |
SOLID
GAS (REMEMBER: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CAN EXIST IN ANY OF THESE THREE STATES OF MATTER) |
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VAPOR |
THE GAS RELEASED BY A LIQUID. |
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VAPOR PRESSURE |
MEASURES A SUBSTANCE'S TENDENCY TO EVAPORATE. (VAPOR PRESSURE RISES AS THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES) |
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BOILING POINT ?? |
THE BOILING POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH VAPOR PRESSURE IS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. (IN OTHER WORDS IT IS THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES TO GAS) (FLAMMABLE MATERIALS WITH LOW BOILING POINTS GENERALLY PRESENT SPECIAL FIRE HAZARDS, BECAUSE THEY GIVE OFF MORE VAPORS INTO THE AIR) |
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WHEN A LIQUID IN A CONTAINER BEGINS TO BOIL, THE INCREASE IN VAPOR PRESSURE MAY EXCEED THE VESSEL'S ABILITY TO RELIEVE EXCESS PRESSURE. THE CONTAINER MAY FAIL CATASTROPHICALLY CAUSING ?? |
BLEVE BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOR EXPLOSION |
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VAPOR DENSITY ?? |
VAPOR DENSITY IS THE WEIGHT OF PURE VAPOR OR GAS COMPARED TO THE WEIGHT OF AN EQUAL VOLUME OF DRY AIR, AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. AMBIENT AIR HAS THE VAPOR DENSITY OF 1. A VAPOR DENSITY LESS THAN 1 INDICATES A VAPOR LIGHTER THAN AIR, WHILE A VAPOR DENSITY GREATER THAN 1 INDICATES A VAPOR HAVIER THAN AIR. MOST GASES HAVE A VAPOR DENSITY GREATER THAN 1. |
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HHHH MEDIC ANNA |
13 CHEMICALS LIGHTER THAN AIR: HYDROGEN (0.07) HELIUM (0.14) HYDROGEN CYANIDE (1.0) HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (0.34) METHANE (0.55) ETHYLENE (0.96) DIBORANE (0.96) ILLUMINATING GASES (0.6) CARBON MONOXIDE ( 0.96) ACETYLENE (0.9) NEON (0.34) NITROGEN (0.96) AMMONIA (0.59) |
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WATER SOLUBILITY |
ABILITY OF A LIQUID OR SOLID TO MIX WITH OR DISSOLVE IN WATER (THE SOLUBILITY OF A SUBSTANCE DETERMINES HOW WELL IT MIXES IN WATER) |
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY ? |
SPECIFIC GRAVITY IS THE DENSITY OF A SUBSTANCE COMPARED TO THE DENSITY OF SOME STANDARD MATERIAL, TYPICALLY WATER. MOST FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS HAVE A SPECIFIC GRAVITY LESS THAN ONE. |
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WHAT IS PERSISTENCE ? |
PERSISTENCE OF A CHEMICAL IS IT'S ABILITY TO REMAIN IN THE ENVIRONMENT PERSISTENT CHEMICALS REMAIN EFFECTIVE AT THEIR POINT OF DISPERSION FOR A LONG TIME, WHERE LESS PERSISTENT CHEMICALS DO THE OPPOSITE. |
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WHAT IS BLEVE?? |
BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOR EXPLOSION |
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HHHH MEDIC ANNA |
HYDROGEN (0.07) HELIUM (0.14) HYDROGEN CYANIDE (1.0) HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (0.34) METHANE (0.55) DIBORANE (0.96) ILLUMINATING GASES (0.6) CARBON MONOXIDE (0.96) ACETYLENE (0.9) NEON (0.34) NITROGEN (0.96) AMMONIA (0.59) |
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WHAT IS WATER SOLUBILITY |
ABILITY OF A LIQUID OR SOLID TO MIX WITH OR DISSOLVE IN WATER. |
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DEFINE PERSISTENCE |
LENGTH OF TIME A CHEMICAL AGENT REMAINS EFFECTIVE WITHOUT DISSIPATING. ITS ABILITY TO REMAIN IN THE ENVIROMENT. PERSISTENT CHEMICALS REMAIN EFFECTIVE AT THEIR POINT OF DISPERSION FOR A LONG TIME, WHERE LESS PERSISTENE CHEMICALS DISSIPATE OR BREAK DOWN. |
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DEFINE DISPERSION |
PROCESS OF BEING SPREAD WIDELY |
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WHAT IS WATERS SPECIFIC GRAVITY |
WATER HAS A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 1.0 |
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WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE REACTIVITY TRIANGLE? |
OXIDIZING AGENT- oxygen, organic peroxides, alkyl nitrates etc. ACTIVATION ENERGY-Heat, shock, radiaition, light REDUCING AGENT- fuel ACRONYM=OAR
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WHAT IS ACTIVATION ENERGY? |
ENERGY THAT STARTS A CHEMICAL REACTION WHEN ADDED TO AN ATOMIC OR MOLECULAR SYSTEM. |
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DEFINITION OF STRONG OXIDIZER |
SUBSTANCE THAT READILY GIVES OFF LARGE QUANTITIES OF OXYGEN, THEREBY STIMULATING COMBUSTION; PRODUCES A STRONG REACTION BY READILY ACCEPTING ELECTRONS FROM A REDUCING AGENT. ALSO PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS WILL IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT WITH A STRONG OXIDIZER, SUCH AS NITRATES, PERCHLORATES, CHLORINE, AND FLUROINE. |
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CATALYST |
A SUBSTANCE THAT MODIFIES (USUALLY INCREASES) THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION, WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED IN THE PROCESS. |
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INHIBITOR |
SUBSTANCE THAT SLOWS DOWN OR PREVENTS A CHEMICAL REACTION; TYICALLY ADDED TO MATERIALS THAT ARE PRONE TO POLYMERIZATION. (ESPECIALLY DURING SHIPPING) MANY INHIBITORS ARE TIME-SENSITIVE, MEANING THAT THEY BECOME EXHAUSTED GRADUALLY OVER TIME; THEY MAY ALSO BECOME CONSUMED MORE RAPIDLY WHEN OVERWHELMED BY EXPOSURE TO HEAT OR OTHER CATALYSTS. THE MOST COMMON INHIBITOR IS PHENOL, AKA CARBOLIC ACID. |
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MOST COMMON INHIBTOR |
PHENOL, AKA CARBOLIC ACID |
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GENERAL EMERGENCY BEHAVIOR MODEL (GEBMO) |
STRESS BREACH RELEASE DISPERSION/ENGULF EXPOSURE/CONTACT HARM |
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STRESS |
A CONTAINER THAT IS STRESSED BEYOND ITS DESIGN STRENGTH MAY BREACH (FAIL) |
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BREACH |
A BREACH OR FAILURE OF THE CONTAINER MAY BE PARTIAL OR TOTAL RESULTING IN THE RELEASE OF THE CONTENTS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. (5 TYPES OF CONTAINER BREACH) |
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RELEASE |
after a container breaches, its contents ad stored energy are released. (4 types of release) |
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DISPERSION/ENGULF |
AFTER BEING RELEASED, THE CONTAINERS CONTENTS DISPERSE AND ENGULF THE AREA. (USE THE ACRONYM CCHPS TO REMEMBER THE SEVEN COMMON DISPERSION PATTERNS) |
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EXPOSURE/CONTACT |
DISPERSED MATERIALS MAY COME INTO CONTACT WITH PEOPLE, PROPERTY, AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. (THREE TIME FRAMES/TERMS) |
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HARM |
SOME EXPOSURES MAY BE HARMFUL TO THE ENVIROMENT AND/OR HUMAN HEALTH. ( ESTIMATIONS OF POTENTIAL HARM SHOULD ALWAYS INCLUDE A WORST CASE SCENARIO) |
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THREE TYPES OF CONTAINER STRESS |
THERMAL CHEMICAL MECHANICAL |
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THERMAL STRESS |
EXCESSIVE HEATING OR COOLING OF THE CONTAINER, CAUSING IT TO EXPAND OR CONTRACT. THERMAL STRESS MAY ALSO INCREASE INTERNAL PRESSURE AND REDUCE CONTAINER INTEGRITY, RESULTING IIN SUDDEN FAILURE. POSSIBLE SIGNS OF THERMAL STRESS INCLUDE FLAME IMPINGEMENT ON THE CONTAINER, OPERATION OF A RELIEF VALVE, OR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHANGES. |
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CHEMICAL STRESS; |
CHEMICAL REACTIONS PRODUCE HEAT AND PRESSURE, CAUSING THE CONTAINER TO SUDDENLY OR GRADUALLY DETERIORATE. CHEMICAL STRESS CAN RESULT FROM EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO CORROSIVES, OR AN UNSUITABLE MIX OF CHEMICALS BEING STORED WITHIN THE CONTAINER. POSSIBLE SIGNS OF CHEMICAL STRESS INCLUDE VISIBLE CORROSION. HOWEVER IF THE STRESS IS PRODUCED INTERNALLY, THE CONTAINER MAY NOT SHOW ANY SIGNS OF IMPENDING FAILURE. |
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MECHANICAL STRESS |
PHYSICAL FORCE THAT CRUSHES, CRACKS, PENETRATES, OR WEAKENS THE CONTAINER WALL; ALSO PHYSICAL FORCE THAT AFFECTS VALVES AND PIPING. COMON CAUSES INCLUDE COLLISION, IMPACT, AND EXCESSIVE INTERNAL PRESSURE. POSSIBLE SIGNS OF MECHANICAL STRESS INCLUDE PHYSICAL DAMAGE OR OPERATION OF RELIEF DEVICES. |
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FIVE TYPES OF CONTAINER BREACH |
DISINTEGRATION- GENERAL LOSS OF INTEGRITY, SUCH AS A GLASS BOTTLE SHATTERING OR A GRENADE EXPLODING. RUNAWAY CRACKING- SINGLE CRACK THAT GROWS RAPIDLY, BREAKING THE CONTAINER INTO LARGER PIECES. ATTACHMENTS OPEN OR BREAK- STRESS APPLIED TO ATTACHMENTS, SUCH AS PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES OR DISCHARGE VALVES (THIS CAUSES THEM TO OPEN OR BREAK OFF, LEADING TO A TOTAL CONTAINER FAILURE. |
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PUNCTURE STRESS |
MECHANICAL FORCE THAT PUNCTURES THE CONTAINER; FOR EXAMPLE A FORKLIFT PUNCTURING A DRUM |
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SPLIT OR TEAR STRESS |
FAILURE OF THE WELDED SEAM ON A TANK (SPLIT) OR THE STITCHED SEAM ON A BAG OF FERTILIZER (TEAR); TYPICALLY CAUSED BY MECHANICAL OR THERMAL STRESS. |
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FOUR TYPES OF CONTAINER RELEASES |
DETONATION- EXPLOSIVE RELEASE OF STORED CHEMICAL ENERGY OF A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. VIOLENT RUPTURE- SUDDEN RELEASE OF A CHEMICAL OR MECHANICAL ENERGY CAUSED BY RUNAWAY CRACKS. PIECES OF THE CONTAINER ARE EXPELLED OUTWARD AND SO ARE ITS CONTENTS, AS IN A BLEVE. RAPID RELIEF- SUDDEN RELEASE OF PRESSURIZED MATERIAL THROUGH HOLES IN THE CONTAINER OR THROUGH DAMAGED VALVES PIPING OR ATTACHMENTS. |
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SPILL/LEAK |
SLOW RELEASE OF PRESSURIZED MATERIAL THROUGH HOLES, RIPS, TEARS, ATTACHMENTS OR UNUSUAL OPENINGS. |
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CCHIPPS |
CLOUD- BALL SHAPED PATTERN IN WHICH MATERIALS COLLECTIVELY RISE ABOVE THE SURFACE. CONE- CONE SHAPED PATTERN WITH A POINT SOURCE AT THE BREACH AND A WIDE BASE DOWNWIND. HEMISPHERIC- DOME SHAPED PATTERN IN WHICH SOME MATERIAL STAYS ON THE SURFACE, BUT THE REST BECOMES AIRBORNE. PLUME- IRREGULAR AIRBORNE PATTERN INFLUENCED BY WIND AND/OR TERRAIN. POOL- THREE-DIMENSIONAL (INCLUDING DEPTH), SLOW FLOWING LIQUID DISPERSION. LIQUIDS ASSUME THE SHAPE OF THE AREA THEY FLOW INTO AND POOL IN LOW AREAS. STREAM- PATTERN IN WHICH LIQUIDS FLOW ALONG THE SURFACE, AFFECTED BY GRAVITY AND TERRAIN. IRREGULAR- A NONGEOMETRIC PATTERN, OFTEN CAUSED WHEN MATERIAL IS SPREAD BY CONTAMINATED RESPONDERS. |
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THREE TIME FRAME OF EXPOSURE |
SHORT TERM-SECONDS, MINUTES, AND HOURS MEDIUM TERM- DAYS, WEEKS, AND MONTHS LONG-TERM- YEARS AND GENERATIONS, AS SEEN IN THE HIGH CANCER RATES AMONG CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS WERE EXPOSED TO HIGH DOSES OF RADIATION. |
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CARBOY |
CYLINDRICAL CONTAINER OF ABOUT 5 TO 15 GALLON CAPACITY USED FOR PURE OR CORROSIVE LIQUIDS. MADE OF GLASS, PLASTIC OR METAL, WITH A NECK AND SOMETIMES A POURING TIP, CUSHIONED IN A WOODEN BOX, WICKER, BASKET, OR SPECIAL DRUM. |
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FIVE MAIN CONTAINER TYPES |
BULK-CAPACITY CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS AT FIXED FACILITIES BULK TRANSPORTATION PACKAGING INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS TON CONTAINERS NONBULK CONTAINERS |
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MAXIUM CAPACITY IS GREATER THAN 119 GALLONS AS A RECEPTACLE FOR A LIQUID MAXIMUM NET MASS IS GREATER THAN 882 POUNDS OR MAXIMUM CAPACITY IS GREATER THAN 119 GALLONS AS A RECEPTACLE FOR A SOLID. WATER CAPACITY IS 1,001 POUNDS OR GREATER AS A RECEPTACLE FOR A GAS |
CRITERIA FOR BULK PACKAGING |
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FIXED FACILITY BULK CAPACITY CONTAINERS |
BUILDINGS ABOVE AND UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS MACHINERY PIPELINES REACTORS BINS VATS STORAGE CABINETS OTHER FIXED, ON SITE CONTAINERS |
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WHAT TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES ARE ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS DIVIDED INTO
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NON-PRESSURE OR ATMOSPHERIC TANKS PRESSURE TANKS |
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ABOVE GROUND NON-PRESSURE OR ATMOSPHERIC TANKS |
SMALL AMOUNT OF PRESSURE (UP TO 0.5 P.S.I.) |
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ABOVE GROUND PRESSURE TANKS |
LOW PRESSURE- BETWEEN 0.5-TO 15 P.S.I. PRESSURE VESSELS -ABOVE 15 P.S.I. NOTE: UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS MAY BE ATMOSPHERIC OR PRESSURIZED. |
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BULK TRANSPORTATION NON-PRESSURE TANK CARS (AKA GENERAL SERVICE/LOW-PRESSURE TANK CARS) |
VAPOR PRESSURES BELOW 25 P.S.I. AT 105 DEGREES TO 115 DEGREES |
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BULK TRANSPORTATION PRESSURE TANK CARS |
PRESSURES GREATER THAN 25 P.S.I. AT 68 DEGREES |
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IBC |
INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINER (MAXIMUM CAPACITY IS NOT MORE THAN 793 GALLONS, OR 106 FT CUBED) (THE MINIMUM CAPACITY IS NOT LESS THAN 119 GALLONS OR 15.9 FT CUBED) OR A MAXIMUM NET MASS OF NOT LESS THAN 882 POUNDS. |
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TON CONTAINER WEIGHS ?? |
ONE SHORT TON OR APPROXIMATELY 2,000 POUNDS MAY CONTAIN CHLORINE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, ANHYDROUS AMMONIA, OR FREON. |
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DOES STRUCTURAL FIRE FIGHTING GEAR PROVIDE ADEQUATE PROTECTION AGAINST THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMONLY STORED IN TON CONTAINERS ??? |
NO YOU WOULD NEED CBC |
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WHAT TWO TYPES ARE INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS DIVIDED INTO?? |
FLEXIBLE INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS RIGID INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS BOTH TYPES ARE COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS TOTES, ALTHOUGH ONLY FIBCS ARE TRULY TOTES |
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RIBCS MAY BE USED TO CARRY ?? |
LIQUIDS, FERTILIZERS, SOLVENTS, AND OTHER CHEMICALS |
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WHAT IS THE CAPACITY OF RIGID INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS?? |
THEY MAY HAVE CAPACITIES UP TO 400 GALLONS AND PRESSURES UP TO 100 P.S.I. |
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NON-PRESSURE INTERMODAL TANK PRESSURE IM-101 |
25.4 TO 100 P.S.I CONTENTS: LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS (BOTH HAZARDOUS AND NON-HAZARDOUS) |
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NON-PRESSURE INTERMODAL TANK PRESSURE IM-102 |
14.5 TO 25.4 P.S.I CONTENTS:LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS (BOTH HAZARDOUS AND NON HAZARDOUS) |
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PRESSURE INTERMODAL TANKS PRESSURE |
100 TO 500 P.S.I. CONTENTS: LIQUIFIED GASES, LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS, ANHYDROUS AMMONIA, AND OTHER LIQUIDS |
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CRYOGENIC INTERMODAL TANK |
NO PRESSURE GIVEN CONTENTS: REFRIGERATED LIQUID GASES, ARGON, OXYGEN, HELIUM |
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TUBE MODULE INTERMODAL CONTAINER PRESSURE |
3,000 TO 5,000 P.S.I. CONTENTS: GASES IN HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS MOUNTED IN THE FRAME |
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WHAT FIVE BASIC TYPES OF CONTAINERS/PACKAGING FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ??? |
TYPES A,B,C, INDUSTRIAL, OR EXCEPTED (TYPE C IS VERY RARE, USED TO TRANSPORT HIGH ACTIVITY MATERIALS SUCH AS PLUTONIUM, THAT ARE TRANSPORTED BY AIRCRAFT. DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND PLANE CRASHES WITHOUT LOSS OF CONTAINMENT) |
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TYPE A PACKAGING FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS |
DESIGNED TO SURVIVE NORMAL TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, AND MINOR ACCIDENTS CERTIFIED AS TYPE A ON THE BASIS OF PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, WHICH MEANS IT MUST SURVIVE CERTAIN TESTS USED FOR TRANSPORTATION OF LIMITED QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL THAT NOT RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT HEALTH EFFECTS IF THEY WERE RELEASED MAY BE CARDBOARD BOXES, WOODEN, CRATES, OR , DRUMS SHIPPER AND CARRIER MUST HAVE DOCUMENTATION OF THE CERTIFICATION OF THE PACKAGES BEING TRANSPORTED |
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TYPE B PACKAGING FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS |
MUST BE ABLE TO SURVIVE SEVERE ACCIDENTS USED FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL MAY BE A METAL DRUM OR A HUGE, MASSIVE SHIELDED TRANSPORT CONTAINER MUST MEET SEVERE ACCIDENT PERFORMANCE STANDARDS THAT ARE CONSIDERABLY MORE RIGOROUS THAN THOSE REQUIRED FOR TYPE A PACKAGES EITHER HAS A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE (COC) BY THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (NRC) OR CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENT AUTHORITY (COCA) BY THE DOT |
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EXCEPTED PACKAGING FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
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DESIGNED TO SURVIVE NORMAL CONDITIONS OF TRANSPORT USED FOR LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY (LSA) OR SURFACE CONTAMINATED OBJECTS (SCO). ARE LIMITED QUANTITY SHIPMENTS, INSTRUMENTS OR ARTICLES, ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM NATURAL OR DEPLETED URANIUM, OR NATURAL THORIUM; EMPTY PACKAGINGS ARE ALSO EXCEPTED (49 CFR 173.421-428) CAN BE ALMOST ANY PACKAGING THAT MEETS THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS, WITH ANY OF THE ABOVE CONTENTS; THEY ARE EXCEPTED FROM SEVERAL LABELING AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS |
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INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS |
DESIGNED TO SURVIVE NORMAL CONDITIONS OF TRANSPORT (IP-1) AND AT LEAST THE DROP TEST AND STACKING TEST FOR TYPE A PACKAGING (IP-2 AND IP-3) USED FOR TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS WITH VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF RADIOACTIVITY (LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY [LSA] OR SURFACE CONTAMINATED OBJECTS [SCO] ) USUALLY METAL BOXES OR DRUMS |
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CLASS 1 HAZARD PLACARD ?? |
EXPLOSIVES (49 CFR 173.50) ORANGE PLACARD WITH EXPLOSION INSIGNIA |
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CLASS 2 HAZARD PLACARD |
GASES (49 CFR 173.115) DEPENDING ON PLACARD AND INSIGNIA COULD BE NON-FLAMMABLE, FLAMMABLE, INHALATION HAZARD, OR OXIDIZING AGENT SUCH AS PACKAGED OXYGEN |
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CLASS 3 HAZARD PLACARD |
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (49 CFR 173.120) RED PLACARD WITH FLAME INSIGNIA |
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CLASS 4 HAZARD PLACARD |
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS, SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, AND DANGEROUS WHEN WET MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.124) PLACARD VARIATIONS: RED AND WHITE STRIPED -[COMB SOLID] HALF WHITE TOP HALF/HALF RED BOTTOM- [SPONTAEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE] BLUE WITH WHITE WRITING - [DANGEROUS WHEN WET MATERIAL] |
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CLASS 5 HAZARD PLACARD |
OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES (49 CFR 173.127) YELLOW OR TOP HALF RED AND BOTTOM HALF YELL0W WITH OXIDIZING INSIGNIA |
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CLASS 6 HAZARD PLACARD |
POISON (TOXIC) AND POISON INHALATION HAZARD (49 CFR 173.132 AND 134) |
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CLASS 7 HAZARD PLACARD |
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.403) TOP HALF WHITE IS CATEGORY 1 TOP HALF YELLOW/BOTTOM HALF YELLOW WITH RADIOACTIVE INSIGNIA IS CATEGORY 2 |
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CLASS 8 HAZARD PLACARD |
CORROSIVE MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.136) TOP HALF WHITE/BOTTOM HALF BLACK WITH CORROSIVE INSIGNIA |
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CLASS 9 HAZARD PLACARD |
MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS (49 CFR173.140) TOP HALF BLACK AND WHITE STRIPPED/BOTTOM HALF WHITE OR RED WITH WHITE MIDDLE AND WORD DANGEROUS |
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HOW MANY DIGITS ARE USED FOR UN ID |
FOUR |
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WHAT IS PSIG |
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH GAUGE |
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CAPACITY STENCIL |
NUMBER STENCILED ON THE EXTERIOR OF A TANK CAR TO INDICATE THE VOLUME OF THE TANK. |
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SPECIFICATION MARKING |
STENCIL ON THE EXTERIOR OF A TANK INDICATES THE STANDARDS TO WHICH THE TANK CAR WAS BUILT. IT IS STENCILED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE TANK, TO THE RIGHT (OPPOSITE FROM THE INITIALS AND NUMBERS) ALO STAMPED INTO THE TANK HEADS, WHERE IT IS NOT READILY VISIBLE. MAY ALSO BE FOUND ON INTERMODAL COTAINERS AND CARGO TANK TRUCKS. |
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NFPA 704 |
STANDARD SYSTEM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE HAZARDS OF MATERIALS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE. ( ALSO USED IN FIXED STORAGE FACILITIES) |
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WHAT SITUATIONS OR HAZARDS WAS NFPA 704 NOT DESIGNED FOR??? |
*TRANSPORTATION *GENERAL PUBLIC USE *NONEMERGENCY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES *EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS, INCLUDING COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS *CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS *BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND OTHER SIMILAR HAZARDS |
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NFPA MARKING LIMITATIONS |
NFPA MARKINGS INDICATE THE TYPE OF HAZARD, BUT THEY DO NOT SPECIFY THE TYPE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR ITS QUANTITY. ALSO IF THE MARKING ARE USED FOR A LARGE AREA OR STRUCTURE AS OPPOSED TO A SPECIFIC CONTAINER, THEY DO NOT SAY WHERE THE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IS LOCATED. |
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HOW DOES NFAPA RATE HAZARDS? |
NFPA RATES THE SEVERITY OF HAZARDS ON A SCALE FROM 0 TO 4; THE HIGHER THE NUMBER, THE GREATER THE HAZARD. (THE NUMBERS ARE DISPLAYED ON A DIAMOND SHAPE MARKER OR SIGN, WITH THE HEALTH RATING ON THE LEFT, FLAMMIBILITY RATING IN THE CENTER AND INSTABILITY RATING ON THE RIGHT. ) (TWO SPECIAL HAZARDS MAY ALSO BE IDENTIFIED IN THE SIX O'CLOCK POSITION, ON A WHITE BACKGROUND) |
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MUST U.S. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS INCLUDE LABELS ON ALL PRODUCT CONTAINERS?? |
YES |
