Chapter 22:diseases Of Te Nervous System

Front 1

Elements of the human nervous system

Back 1

brain, spinal cord (together are the central nervous system)
peripheral nervous system

Front 2

Blood-brain barrier

Back 2

Normally prevents many substances from entering the brain, special system allows glucose and amino acid to enter the brain, most antibiotics acannot pass through the barrier, only lupid soluable ones can (chloramphenicol) Inflammation of brain can alter the permeability of the barrier

Front 3

Diseases of the nervous system: Meningitis

Back 3

inflammation of the meninges

Front 4

Diseases of the nervous system: Encephalitis

Back 4

Inflammation of the brain

Front 5

Diseases of the nervous system: Meningoencephalitis

Back 5

Inflammation of meninges and brain

Front 6

Bacterial Meningitis: Casual agents

Back 6

Haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniar, normal nasopharyngeal micobiota in many people

Front 7

Bacterial Meningitis: Virulence factors:

Back 7

Capsule to interfere with phagocytosis, replicate rapidly in blood, endotoxins, teichoic acids and peptidoglycans

Front 8

Bacterial Meningitis: symptoms

Back 8

fever, headache, and stiff neck at the beginning, followed by nausea and vomiting, may progress to convulsions, coma, and death

Front 9

Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

Back 9

spinal needle is inserted, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

Front 10

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis

Back 10

gram-negative aerobic bacteria, normal throat microbiota, occurs mostly in children (6 months to 4 years), capsule antigen type b important for pathogenicity, prevented by Hib vaccine

Front 11

Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis

Back 11

also known as meningococcal meningitis.
gram nevative, aerobic cocci with a capsule, 10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers, begins as throat infection/rash, vaccination (capsule) recommended for college students

Front 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis

Back 12

also called phneumococcal meningitis. caused by S. pneumoniae (a gram positive). 70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers. most common in children (1 month to 4 years) mortality: 30% in children, 80% in elderly. prevented by vaccination