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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elements of the human nervous system
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brain, spinal cord (together are the central nervous system)
peripheral nervous system |
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Blood-brain barrier
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Normally prevents many substances from entering the brain, special system allows glucose and amino acid to enter the brain, most antibiotics acannot pass through the barrier, only lupid soluable ones can (chloramphenicol) Inflammation of brain can alter the permeability of the barrier
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Diseases of the nervous system: Meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges
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Diseases of the nervous system: Encephalitis
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Inflammation of the brain
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Diseases of the nervous system: Meningoencephalitis
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Inflammation of meninges and brain
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Bacterial Meningitis: Casual agents
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Haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniar, normal nasopharyngeal micobiota in many people
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Bacterial Meningitis: Virulence factors:
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Capsule to interfere with phagocytosis, replicate rapidly in blood, endotoxins, teichoic acids and peptidoglycans
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Bacterial Meningitis: symptoms
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fever, headache, and stiff neck at the beginning, followed by nausea and vomiting, may progress to convulsions, coma, and death
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Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
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spinal needle is inserted, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
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Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
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gram-negative aerobic bacteria, normal throat microbiota, occurs mostly in children (6 months to 4 years), capsule antigen type b important for pathogenicity, prevented by Hib vaccine
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Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
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also known as meningococcal meningitis.
gram nevative, aerobic cocci with a capsule, 10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers, begins as throat infection/rash, vaccination (capsule) recommended for college students |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis
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also called phneumococcal meningitis. caused by S. pneumoniae (a gram positive). 70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers. most common in children (1 month to 4 years) mortality: 30% in children, 80% in elderly. prevented by vaccination
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