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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)? |
a phenomenon hitting bees all over the country. Beepers have lost 30-90 % of their colonies |
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What is pollen? |
small, thick-walled plant structures that contain cells that develop into sperm |
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What is pollination? |
the transfer of pollen from male to female plant structures so that fertilization can occur |
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What percent of angiosperms depend on insect pollinators? |
75% |
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What are keystone species? |
species on which other species depend, and whose removal dramatically impacts the community |
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What is a community? |
a group of interacting populations of different species living together in the same area |
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What is the apis mellifera |
western honey bee |
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What is a stamen? |
Male reproductive structure of a flower, made up of a filament and an anther |
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What is a pistil? |
the female reproductive structure of a flower, made up of a stigma, style, and ovary |
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What is a stigma? |
the sticky "landing pad" for pollen on the pistil |
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What is the style? |
a tube-like structure that leads from the stigma to the ovary |
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What is a seed? |
the embryo of a plant, together with a starting supply of food all with a protective covering |
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What is a food chain? |
a linked series of feeding relationships in a community in which organisms further up the chain feed on ones below |
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What are producers? |
autotrophs that form the base of every food chain |
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What are consumers? |
heterotrophs that eat other organisms lower on the food chain to obtain energy |
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What is predation? |
an interaction between two organisms in which one organism feeds on the other |
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What is herbivory predation? |
Predation on plants, which may or may not kill the plant being preyed on |
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What are top consumers? |
Consumers at the top of the food chain |
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What are trophic levels? |
feeding levels, based on positions in the food chain |
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What is a food web? |
a complex interconnection of feeding relationships in a community |
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What is parasitism? |
a type of symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits at the expense of the other. Involves a parasite and a host |
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What is symbiosis? |
a relationship in which two different organisms live together, often interdependently |
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What is mutualism? |
a type of symbiotic relationship in which both members benefit; a win win situation |
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What is commensalism? |
a type of symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and the other is unharmed. |
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Why do colonies collapse when the worker bees leave? |
No one is there to help the larvae reach maturity |
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What is altruistic suicide? |
When the bees leave so they don't hurt the whole colony when they are sick |
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What is a niche? |
the space, environmental conditions, and resources that a species needs in order to survive and reproduce |
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What is competition? |
an interaction between two or more organisms that rely on a common resource that is not available in sufficient quantities |
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What is the competitive exclusion principle? |
the concept that when two or more species compete for resources in an identical niche, one is driven to extinction |
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What are bryophytes? |
small seedless mossy plants that produce spores to spread out, they have no vascular tissue and need a moist area to survive |
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What are spores? |
tiny tissue/offspring that carries in air currents |
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What are vascular plants? |
plants with an internal tubular network to transfer nutrients and water |
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What are the two groups of vascular plants? |
angiosperms and gymnosperms |
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What is a cuticle? |
A waxy coating substance on plants that prevents water from evaporating |
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If the cuticle prevents water loss, how does gas exchange happen? |
Stomates |
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What are stomates? |
pores in upper surfaces of a leaf that allow the exchange of CO2 and O2 |
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How do plants remain upright? |
Cell walls give the plant structure, water putting pressure on the cell walls prevents the plant from drooping and wilting |
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Are eukaryotes heterotrophic or autotrophic? |
heterotrophic |
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What is cephalization? |
A process in eukaryotes where a head (a structure with sensory organs) develops and gives advantages in finding food, shelter, and mates |
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What is segmentation? |
repetition of structures, can lead to specialization (ex. crawfish with different sized segments) |
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What are the two types of digestive tract? |
Sac-like, and tube-in-a-tube |
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What is the sac-like digestive tract? |
Where food and indigestible waste enter and exit through the same opening |
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What is the tube-in-a-tube digestive tract? |
Where food enters one opening and indigestible waste exits through a different opening |
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How do eukaryotes transport food and water? |
the circulatory system |
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How do eukaryotes have gas exchange? |
lungs or gills |
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What is the cell structure of fungi? |
cell walls |
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What are filaments of a fungi? |
cells growing end to end, forming a long strand of cells that give structure to a fungus |
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How do fungi reproduce? |
either asexual, or sexual through the production of spores |
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Are protista heterotrophic or autotrophic? |
protozoa are heterotrophic and algae are autotrophic |
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What is a habitat? |
a species' place of residence |
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What is a niche? |
A species occupation, activities, resources used, interactions |
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What types of abiotic characteristics can influence community interactions? |
climate, topography, temperature, rainfall, soil types, physical disturbances, available resources |
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