• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/54

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Congress of Vienna

The Quadruple Alliance created this conference after Napoleon's fall to restore territory all throughout Europe.

Klemens von Metternich

This Austrian prince dominated international relations in Europe from the Congress of Vienna until 1848 and was influenced by the principles of legitimacy and intervention.

"legitimacy"

This principle advocated restoring the "rightful" monarchs on the thrones of Europe who would preserve traditional institutions

Edmund Burke and conservatism

This "father" of conservatism wrote the influential "Reflections on the Revolution in France."

conservatism

An ideology based on tradition and social stability that favored the maintenance of established institutions, organized religion, and obedience to authority and resisted abrupt change.

the "Concert of Europe"

The phrase referring to the period of time following Napoleon's defeat, in which the five major powers of Europe agreed to periodically meet to discuss their interests and ensure the maintenance of peace in Europe.

the Congress System

A group that was formed to prevent future revolts and consisted of the great five countries: Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France.

Latin America revolts

Revolts in the Americas in Latin areas due to a lack of control on the Latin government's fault.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy which limited any further European territorial expansion in the western hemisphere.

Greek Revolt

Up until 1830, it was the only successful revolution in Europe. It involved the Greeks fighting against the Ottoman rulers, and many European forces fought against the Ottoman rulers.

Tories

A political group which tended to be more conservatist. They emphasized the Corn Laws to counteract falling agricultural prices.

Whigs

A political group which involved themselves mostly in the field of industrialization, these members favored changes.

Corn Laws

A series of events during 1815 which implied a high tax on grain. This was received critically and a revolt followed the implication of such taxes.

the Peterloo Massacre

What started out as a working-class revolution and ended up with eleven deaths. The working-class was tired of unfair wages and conditions, and attempted to force better conditions from the owners. This proved itself as a failure when the government attacked the revolting group of workers.

Louis XVIII

A French monarch who was the first to be restored on the French royal seat after the fall of Napoleon.

Carbonari

A secret Italian society that was motivated by nationalistic dreams of a unified Italy.

the Germanic Confederaction

The remainder of the Holy Roman Empire; the fall of the HRE was mainly due to a lack of government and authority.

Burschenschaften

Student societies in German states dedicated to fostering the goal of a free, united Germany. Their motto was "Honor, Liberty, Fatherland."

the Decembrist Revolt

A revolt by corrupted Russian troops who wished to prevent Nicholas I from taking the title of tsar after the tsar at the time, Alexander I, died.

Tsar Nicholas I

He became Tsar of Russia following the death of Alexander I in 1825, crushing the Decembrist Revolt.

classical economics

The idea that the government should not interfere with the economy, but should rather the defense of country, police protection of public, and construction and maintenance of public works to expensive for individuals to undertake.

Thomas Malthus

This economist proposed the idea that while populations grow geometrically (by multiplication); food supplies only grow arithmetically (by addition). As a result, there will ALWAYS be poverty and hunger.

David Ricardo's "iron law of wages"

This economist wrote "The Iron Law of Wages," which promoted the argument that employers should pay only subsistence wages in order to avoid a glut of workers, resulting in high unemployment.

John Stuart Mill

This important proponent of liberalism in the 19th century also favored equal political rights for women.

On the Subjection of Women

Authored by John Stuart Mill, this document attempted to liberate women of the slave-like roles and allow them to live a life as an individual

Utopian socialism

Socialists who believed in an ideal society, and disfavored the idea of capitalism.

Charles Fourier's phalansteries

A communal building which held over a thousand people at once, it was used to intermingle the social classes of Europe's agricultural class.

Robert Owen's New Lanark

A very successful factory by Robert Owen. Owen proved that the better conditions in the factory, the better the profits and employee satisfaction.

Flora Tristan

A female French socialist writer, she collected data of social conditions and recorded the worker's idea of utopias.

France's July Revolution of 1830

The reaction of the people of France to the attempt by ultra-royalists under Charles X to restore the old regime as far as possible.

Reform act of 1832

This 1832 law passed in Parliament increased the number of male voters in Britain, which was one key reason Britain avoided a revolution in mid-century.

Revolutions of 1848

Also known as the Year of Revolution, revolts of the citizens that were unsuccessful but proved to be violent nonetheless.

France's Second Republic

The republican government of France from 1848 until the coup of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Frankfurt Assembly

This German parliament had met to prepare the German people for unification; it failed when it had no way of compelling German territorial rulers to accept the constitution they had drawn up.

Louis Kossuth

A Hungarian lawyer who was a nationalist. Eventually named the dictator of Hungary.

Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy

This nationalist's "Young Italy" group led the Italian Risorgimento in the early 19th century.

Jacksonian Democracy

A pro-white citizen form of government.

"bobbies"

Members of London's police force. Generally viewed as the world's first municipal (city) police force, they were known by this nickname, taken from the name of their founder: Robert Peel.

Schutzmannschaft

Local voluntary troops

London Mechanics' Institute

A college developed by George Birkbeck which was unpopular at first.

Romanticism

Intellectual movement which emerged at the end of the 18th century and challenged the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason in discovering the truth; instead, this movement championed emotion, sentiment, and the inner world.

Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther

A German writer who wrote a novel titled The Sorrows of the Young Werther, which contained a tragic figure who was an important model for Romantics. This German writer later came to reject Romanticism in favor of Classicism.

Brothers Grimm

These brothers spent years collecting, and eventually publishing, local German fairy tales, like "Hansel & Gretel."

Sir Walter Scott

The author of Ivanhoe, he was one of the best selling authors of Europe during the first half of the 19th century.

Neo-Gothic Architecture

Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

One of the greatest novels of the Romantic era, this "horror" was written by 18 year-old Mary Shelly, and told the story of a mad scientist and his humanlike creation.

Percy Bysshe Shelley

This Romantic poet was a friend of Lord Byron, the husband of the author of "Frankenstein," and was himself the author of "Prometheus Unbound."

Lord Bryon

This man dramatized himself as the melancholy Romantic hero that he had described in his work, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He participated in the movement for Greek independence and died in Greece fighting the Ottomans.

William Wordsworth

Lover of nature, one of the most important characteristics of Romanticism, is especially evident in his works. The worship of nature led people to criticize the eighteenth century science, which, they believed, had reduced nature to a cold object of study.

Caspar David Friedrich

A very famous Romantic painter who depicted nature overpowering man.

J.M.W. Turner

Englishman who dwelled on nature and landscaped a lot. He produced over 20,000 paintings, drawings, and watercolors. He did not idealize nature or reproduce it with realistic accuracy. He tried to convey its moods by using light and color to suggest natural effects. He paved the way for the Impressionist painters of the last half of the nineteenth century.

Eugene Delacroix

His painting "Liberty Leading the People" was a monument to the French Revolution of 1830.

Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz

His music served as a bridge between the classical and the romantic styles.

Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity

Published in 1802, was soon labeled the “Bible of Romanticism.”