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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does the lymphatic and immune system do?
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maintain fluid balance
protects body from infection and disease |
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lymphatic capillaries
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closed at one end, epithelial cells overlap to allow bacteria and cells to enter
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3 functions of the lymphatic system
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1. immunity
2. lipid absorption 3. fluid recovery |
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Layers of the lymphatic vessels:
tunica externa tunica media tunica interna |
1. thin outer layer
2. elastic fibers, smooth muscle 3. endothelium and valves |
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2 collecting ducts of the lymph flow?
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right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct |
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What are some characteristics of lymph flow?
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flows at low pressure and speed, moves by contractions of lymphatic vessels, aided by skeletal muscle pump
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(T/F) exercise increases lymphatic retun
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true
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T lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes? |
mature in the thymus
activation produces antibodies |
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Antigen Presenting cells produce 3 kinds of cells?
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macrophages (from monocytes)
dendritic cells reticular cells |
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Peyer patches
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clusters found at the junction of small to large intestine
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lymphatic nodules
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dense oval masses of lymphocytes, respond to pathogens
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diffuse lymphatic tissue
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lymphocytes in mucous membrane and CT of many organs
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Lymph nodes are the only organ that filter __
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lymph
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Lymphatic organs:
Tonsils do what? Thymus? Spleen? |
1. guard entrance to pharynx
2. located between sternum and aortic arch 3. inferior to diaphragm |
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____ is the collective term for all lymph node disease
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lymphadenopathy
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Lymphadenitis causes?
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swollen, painful nodes in response to foreign antigens
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3 tonsil locations
palatine lingual pharyngeal |
1. pair that is often infected, posterior margin of oral cavity
2. pair at root of the tongue 3. single tonsil on wall of pharynx |
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Functions of the spleen?
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blood production in fetus, blood reservoir, RBC disposal, immune reactions (filters blood)
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Nonspecific defenses?
Specific defenses? |
broad defense with no prior exposure, external (fever, inflammation)
prior exposure, immune system |
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Skin, mucus membranes, and subepithelial areolar tissue can act as a ____ for immunity defense
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external barrier
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____ is also a defense mechanism of the lymphatic system
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leukocytes: contains neutrophils, eusinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
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___ are polypeptides secreted by cells that is invaded by a virus
have 2 effects |
interferons
1. antiviral effect 2. anticancer effect |
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The __ system is groups of proteins in the blood that must be activated by pathogens to exert their effect
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complement
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-itits?
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inflammation of a specific organ
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What does inflammation do?
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responds to tissue injury, limits spread of pathogens and destroys them, removes debris, start tissue repair
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Damaged cells stimulate ____
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vasodilation, increased permeability of blood capillaries (allows anitbodies into the tissue), and clotting
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Diapedesis?
Margination? |
when leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to the tissue space
leukocytes adhere to blood vessel wall |
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What is the route of the tissue fluid back to the blood stream?
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lymphatic capillaries
collection vessels six lymphatic trunks two collecting ducts subclavian veins |
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What are the three types of lymphatic cells?
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natural killer (NK), T, B lymphocytes
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Hemopoiesis
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the forming of bone marrow (blood formation and immunity)
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What happens to the thymus with age?
What systems is it part of? |
shrinks, reduced blood flow
endocrine, lymphatic, immune |
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the spleen is the bodies larges ____ organ and is a ____ graveyard
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lymphatic
erythrocyte (RBCs) |
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3 lines of defense against pathogens
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1. skin, mucus, external (NS)
2. leukocytes, macrophages (NS) 3. immune system, memory (S) |
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What is it called when cells are infected with viruses?
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interferons
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What cells is in control of immune surveillance?
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natural killer cells (NK)
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____ is the abnormal elevation of body temperature
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fever, pyrexia, or febrile
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What are the 'fever producing agents'?
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exogenous pyrogens
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What gives the hypothalamus a 'set point' for the body to rise the temperature?
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endogenous pyrogens
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___ is dead cells, other issue debris, and tissue fluid that forms a yellowish fluid; accumulates in a cavity called an ___
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pus
abscess |
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___ inhibits viral replication
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interferons
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Secondary response to pathogens is called?
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anamestic response- so quick that the body has no noticeable illness
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___ are failure of self-tolerance; the immune system fails to recognize self antigens from foreign ones and produces __ that attacks its own tissue
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autoimmune disease
autoantibodies |
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The only lymphatic organ with both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessel is ___
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a lymph node
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Which cells are involved in non-specific resistance but not specific?
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NKC
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The respiratory burst is used by __ to kill bacteria
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neutrophils
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Give an example of a macrophage
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microglial cell
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The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action of ____
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IgE
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___ becomes antigenic by binding to larger host molecules
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haptens
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What are the 4 signs of inflammation?
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redness, swelling, heat, pain
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A helper t cell can only bind to another cell that has ___
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MHC-II proteins
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any organism capable of causing disease is called __
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pathogen
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What is the antibacterial enzyme in mucous membranes called?
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lysozyme
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Swollen and painful lymph nodes
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lymphadenitis
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What is the chemical produced by leukocytes to stimulate other leukocytes?
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interleukons
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The movement of leukocytes through a capillary wall is called?
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diapedesis
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