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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Oral administration
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Drugs given by mouth are slowly absored into the bloodstream through the stomach or intestinal wall. It is also a disadvantage if time is a factor in therapy in that it takes several hours to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
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Sublingual Administration
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Drugs placed under the tongue dissolves in the salvia. For some agents, absorption may be rapid. Nitroylycerin tablets are administered in this way to treat attacks of angina (chest pain).
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Rectal Administration
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Suppositories (cone-shaped objects containing drugs) and aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum. Drugs are given by rectum when oral administration presents difficulties, as when the patient is nauseated and vomiting.
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Parenteral Administration
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Injections of drug from a syringe (tube) through a hollow needle placed under the skin, into a muscle, vein, or body cavity. There are several types of parenteral injections and instillations.
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Intravacity instillation
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This injection is made into a body cavity, such as the peritoneal or pleural cavity. For example, drugs may be introduced into the pleural cavity in people who have pleural effusions due to malignant disease.
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pleurodesis (procedure)
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The drug causes the pleural surfaces to adhere, thereby oblitering the pleural space and preventing the accumulation of fluid (procedure).
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intradermal injection
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This shallow injection is made into the upper layers of the skin and is used chiefly in skin testing for allergic reactions.
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subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection (SC)
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A hypodermic needle is introduced into the subcutaneous tissue under the skin, usually on the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen.
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intramuscular injection (IM)
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The buttock or upper arm is the usual site for this injection into muscle. When drugs are irritating to the skin or when a large volume of solution must be administered, IM injections are used.
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intrathecal instillation
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This instillation occurs in the space under the membranes (meninges) surrounding the spinal cord and brain. Methotrexate (a cancer chemotherapeutic drug) is introduced intrathecally for treatment of leukemia involving the spinal cord.
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Intravenous injection (IV)
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This injection is given directly into a vein. It is used when an immediate effect from the drug is desired or when the drug cannot be safely introduced into other tissues. Good technical skill is needed with intravenous injections because leakage of a drug into surrounding tissues may result in irritation and inflammation.
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antiseptics
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drug used against infection
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antipruritics
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drug used against itching
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transdermal patches
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are used to deliver drugs (such as estrogen for home replacement therapy, pain medications, and nicotine for smoking cessation programs) continuously through the skin.
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hypodermic syringe
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used for giving an injection
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ampule
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small, steril glass or plastic container containing a single dose of drug.
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vial
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glass container with a metal-enclosed rubber seal.
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caplets
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coated like a capsule, but solid like a tablet.
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capsules
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small soluable container, usually made of gelatin, used for a dose of medication for swallowing.
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tablets
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small solid pill containing a dose of medication
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