Chapter 21

Front 1

Which of the following is the name of the fluid in an insects open circulatory system?

Back 1

hemolymph

Front 2

How can flatworms, simple animals with a flat body shape. survive without a circulatory system?

Back 2

In flatworms, all cells are located near central body branches or near the body surface, so diffusion alone can transport important nutrients.

Front 3

Fishes have:

Back 3

A two-chambered heart

Front 4

Blood pressure tends to fall with increasing distance from the heart. On the basis of this information, which of the following lists the types of blood vessel, in order, from highest blood pressure to lowest?

Back 4

arteries, capillaries, veins.

Front 5

The heart beat in a vertebrate:

Back 5

Is initiated by modified muscle tissue, the sinoatrial (SA) node, that contracts without nerve stimulation.

Front 6

Both red blood cells and white blood cells are derived from cells in:

Back 6

the bone marrow

Front 7

Which of the following components of human blood is a cell fragment?

Back 7

platelet

Front 8

How are the blood-circulation system and the lymphatic system related to each other?

Back 8

Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes their waste. The lymphatic system removes bacteria and debris from the blood.

Front 9

The polygraph, or "lie detector" test, functions by monitoring all of the following except:

Back 9

Changes in oxygen content of the blood.

Front 10

Why do most fishes swim with their mouths open?

Back 10

they do this to ventilate their gills.

Front 11

Carbon dioxide transport differs from oxygen transport in the circulatory systems of mammals, because:

Back 11

CO^2 is transported mostly in the plasma, while O^2 is transported mostly in the red blood cells.

Front 12

breathing in birds is more like "breathing" in fishes than in mammals, because:

Back 12

oxygen never runs into a dead end.

Front 13

Which of the following are the main muscles used in breathing?

Back 13

intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Front 14

With increasing temperatures:

Back 14

aquatic animals must exert more energy to obtain oxygen.

Front 15

Under regular metabolic conditions, what percentage of oxygen is released from the blood to the tissue?

Back 15

25%

Front 16

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) so dangerous?

Back 16

CO prevents hemoglobin from binding to and transporting O^2 to the body tissues, resulting in oxygen starvation and death.

Front 17

Myoglobin

Back 17

releases O^2 to the muscles when partial pressure is such that hemoglobin cannot do so.

Front 18

Which of the following has the highest binding affinity for oxygen?

Back 18

myoglobin

Front 19

Why does llama hemoglobin have a higher oxygen-buliding affinity than human hemoglobin?

Back 19

Llamas live at higher elevations than most humans and require a means to bind O^2 when oxygen is at a lower concentration in the air.

Front 20

Diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG)

Back 20

Causes the release of more O^2 to body tissues.

Front 21

Which of the following is not part of the "diving reflex" of the Weddell seal that allows seals to remain underwater for long periods of time?

Back 21

Weddell seals have an increased resting heart rate, causing more efficient oxygen usage.