Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Selective toxicity |
Causes greater harm to microbes than to human host Interfere with essential structures or properties in microbes but not human cells Difficult for antiviral medications because viruses rely on human cells to replicate |
|
|
Therapeutic index |
(Lowest dose toxic to patient) / (dose used for therapy) |
|
|
Therapeutic window |
(Toxic dose) - (therapeutic dose) |
|
|
Bacteriostatic |
Inhibits bacterial growth Patients defenses must eliminate pathogen |
|
|
Bactericidal |
Kills bacteria Can sometimes be only inhibitory, depending upon drug concentration & stage of microbial growth |
|
|
Broad spectrum antibiotic |
Affect wide range of bacteria Important for treating acute life threatening diseases Disrupt microbiome that helps keep put other pathogens |
|
|
Narrow spectrum antibiotics |
Affect limited range of bacteria Requires identification and susceptibility of pathogen Less disruptive to microbiome |
|
|
B lactam antibiotics |
Chemical structure: b lactam ring Mechanism: competitively inhibit penicillin binding proteins that cross link tetrapeptide bridges in peptidoglycan |
|
|
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis |
Generally bacteriostatic Can exploit differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes Prokaryotes 70s eukaryotes 80s Mitochondria also have 70s ribosomes, may account for toxicity of these antibiotics |
|
|
Antibiotics that disrupt the cell membrane |
A few antimicrobials damage bacteria membranes causing cells to leak leading to cell death Daptomycin inserts into cytoplasmic membrane Polymyxins bind to membrane of gram negatives |
